Being Mortal By Atul Gawande - 1329 Words

In Being Mortal, Atul Gawande painted a little depressing picture of the realities faced by the elderly in the US nowadays: declining health status, economic insecurity, and loss of independence. It seems once the older people move into nursing homes or assisted living facilities, they lose autonomy, dignity and privacy as the institutions are not able to fully individualize care. Even though the situation has been improving, it still shocks me to see how unhappy some of the elderly are in these circumstances. Realizing senior care facilities often fail to address all aspects of well-being, I would like to explore the issues of promoting both objective and subjective component in quality of care for the older people. This paper examines the quality of care received by the elderly with an emphasis on measurements for care, recommending additional tools to be adopted to measure the overall well-being for the elderly in order to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the quality of care for those living in senior care facilities. The fact that the American population is aging has raised concerns. In 2011, the number of adults over the age of 65 reached 41.4 million, which account for 13.3% of the population (A Profile of Older Americans: 2012, 2012). It is estimated that there will be about 71 million older adults by 2030 (Healthy Aging-Improving and Extending Quality of Life among Older Americans, 2009). Approximately 2.1 million elderly are currently living inShow MoreRelatedBeing Mortal By Atul Gawande1587 Words   |  7 Pages Part One: In the documentary Being Mortal by Atul Gawande talks about the death of patients and how it s a surprise to a large amount of the patients. He also explains the fear in the medical field, and as a doctor your suppose to help people and cure them, that you re supposed to give them a better shot and if it later doesn t go they way you expected,the doctors start to tell themselves what went wrong or what happen everything was going so well. Gawande talks about how he wants to learnRead MoreAnalysis Of Atul Gawande s Being Mortal1211 Words   |  5 Pagesthe prospect of death with patients. In Atul Gawande’s Being Mortal, Gawande delves into what really matters as life comes to an end, new ways of helping the elderly enjoy their waning days, and the role of doctors and medicine in curing diseases and dealing with patients. Sheri Fink, a reporter for the New York Times, reviewed this book on November 6, 2014 for The New York Times Sunday Book Review in â€Å"Atul Gawande’s ‘Being Mortal’†. She thinks Being Mortal is a â€Å"valuable contribution to the growingRead MoreAnalysis Of Atul Gawande s Being Mortal854 Words   |  4 Pagesthe relationships we form with our family are unparalleled to that of any other. Family members are the people we count on in times of need and help make decisions that are in our best interest. Atul Gawande’s Being Mortal focuses on patients and their end of life care. On a visit to Lou Sanders, Gawande asked, â€Å"What makes life worth living to you?† and Lou hesitated before answering, â€Å"I have moments when I would say I think it’s time, maybe one of the days when I was at a low point†¦Ã¢â‚¬  As people nearRead MoreReview Of Atul Gawande s The New York Times Bestseller Being Mortal2112 Words   |  9 PagesIn the New York Times bestseller Being Mortal, surgeon and author Atul Gawande tackles just what may be the most difficult challenge of his profession, learning how to handle the ‘end-of-life process.’ Throughout his book, he recites the stories of several individuals, in which the trajectory from a state of independence to one of death can easily be traced in each. Although Gawande does acknowledge that death is inevitable, he emphasizes that individuals of society, especially those that work inRead MoreDeath : How The P erspective Of People Changes When They Are On The Edge Of Life1173 Words   |  5 Pageshuman’s life. When confronting the death, passively or actively, people usually have a different viewpoint from before and that assertion is proved in Being Mortal: Medicine and What Matters in the End by Atul Gawande, Wit by Margaret Edson and the last pages of The Stitches by David Small. On Being Mortal: Medicine and What Matters in the End by Atul Gawande, the author tells a story of Jewel Douglass, who gets a metastatic ovarian cancer. The doctors mention a lot of methods to cure her disease; howeverRead MoreBeing A Practicing Surgeon, Atul Gawande Essay1699 Words   |  7 PagesBeing a practicing surgeon, Atul Gawande approaches the dilemma of aging from a unique perspective. The study and implementation of traditional medical practices, he suggests, contributes to a problem solving, solution-based approached to over coming the hurdles of old age. The medical field, he says, puts the entirety of its focus on fixing the concrete problems that patients come into the emergency room with, instead of focusing on the best overall solution to satisfy the patients primary desiresRead MoreBeing Mortal : Medicine And What Matters753 Words   |  4 PagesAtul Gawande’s book Being Mortal: Medicine and What Matters in the End presses on an extremely difficult subject: death. Gawande talks about the need to confront death and not ignore it by taking steps in having a meaningful and satisfying end. Readers say that Gawande does demand a lot from people and the book is eye opening but it does not have a guide to having a better end in life. I agree that Gawande is demanding a lot but people still to listen to him but I think Gawande does give a guideRead MoreThe Hippocratic Oath, By Atul Gawande1344 Words   |  6 Pagespatient’s stories. Rita Charon in her article â€Å"What to do with Stories? The sciences of Narrative Medicine,† explores narrative writing and how to use it as a tool in healing patients. While Charon focuses on the writing of these stories, Atul Gawande’s book Being Mortal reflects on how to make more meaningful endings out of the stories of patients who are on the brink of death. Medicine is for the health of thriving communities achieved through doctors’ success in devotion, close understanding, and treatingRead MoreThe Death Of Death1218 Words   |  5 Pagescomfortable conversation to have with others but death is common especially among the elderly population. Atul Gawande in Being Mortal talks about how death takes many people by surprise and the descriptions of aging and dying. All the while living better through the understanding of death. The author is trying to express that even those in the medical field struggle with death and not ensuring the well-being of the patients that are coming in. He emphasis the idea of the elderly feeling â€Å"comfortable† inRead MoreBeing Mortal By Sheri Fink1211 Words   |  5 PagesIn Being Mortal, Atul Gawande brings to revelation something we as humans know that will happen but in reality never really want to face: we are mortal and death will not escape us. Throughout the book, Gawande navigates the reader through a series of obstacles and choices faced to make when the ill and old have hit the stage of life when death is near. The New York Times reviewer Sheri Fink writes, â€Å"Being Mortal is a valuable contribution to the growing literature on aging, death and dying.† This

The s Manifestation Of Evil By Bram Stoker - 2006 Words

Throughout the world, humans in various cultures have shared well-known myths and legends that are passed down from generations. These oral folklores are often quite entertaining, but they also recount a history of origin or culture. For example, some of these story-like legends can be linked to actual mysterious events that have taken place in a specific time period or a certain place and therefore can be quite realistic. Dracula, a well-known â€Å"real-life legend†, is preferably one of the more dark and gothic novels in literature that primarily focuses its attention on the fears and horrors of the audience. Bram Stoker’s manifestation of evil was written in the Victorian era and is full of latent content about the roles of men and women in†¦show more content†¦Dracula may be blood-curdling but he is not that frightening, to say the least. Just as Jonathan Harker (a lawyer) entered the barren castle in the outskirts of Transylvania, a strange but unique loo king man answered the door, and here are Harker’s thoughts: â€Å"Within stood a tall old man, clean shaven save for a long white moustache, and clad in black from head to foot, without a single speck of colour about him anywhere† (Stoker 20). As one can see, Stoker really is trying to emphasize his notion of vampire qualities. Once again, Jonathan recollects his thoughts saying: His face was a strong – a very strong – aquiline, with high bridge of the thin nose and peculiarly arched nostrils; with lofty domed forehead, and hair growing scantily round the temple but profusely elsewhere. His eyebrows were very massive, almost meeting over the nose, and with bushy hair that seemed to curl in its own profusion. The mouth, so far as I could see under the heavy moustache, was fixed and rather cruel-looking, with peculiarly sharp white teeth; these protruded over the lips, whose remarkable ruddiness showed astonishing vitality in a man of his years. For the rest, his ears were pale and at the tops were extremely pointed; the chin was broad and strong, and the cheeks firm though thin. The general effect was one of extraordinary pallor. (22-23) After reading this, going back to what one would visualize when someone says the word â€Å"vampire†, this man is

Free Persuasives Media Bias in the Stem Cel Essay Example For Students

Free Persuasives: Media Bias in the Stem Cel Essay l Debate stem argumentative persuasive Media Bias in the Stem Cell Debate One Source Cited In June of last year Newsweek Magazine presented on its cover an obvious example of partiality and bias in its presentation of the stem cell debate. ) Its perfectly fair and reasonable for Newsweek to use the image. We would note only that it is unimaginable that Newsweek would use an image that loaded in the opposite direction. A story on abortion would be much more likely to be illustrated with a coat-hanger than a sonogram of a five-month-old fetus. (Let alone a dismembered fetus. ) The stories inside the magazine are exactly what youd expect, given the cover. Proponents of stem-cell research get to make their case at length. Opponents are quoted too: They get exactly two words (eleven letters) in. And that quote is immediately rebutted, unlike any of the pro-research quotes. Heres how the piece concludes: Not funding stem-cell research would amount to squelching what is, more than anything, a quest for knowledge. We simply dont know how embryonic cells might help people who are suffering and dying today. By banning the research, we uphold the most extreme view of the sanctity of life, but at a price: foreclosing the possibility of doing all we can to improve the lot of the living. Set aside that bit about extremism. Any research, including research on humans that most people would find objectionable, can legitimately be described as a quest for knowledge. And the reference to the living skates right by the actual subject of the dispute-whether the embryos are in fact living human beings. (Theyre not dead, and theyre not inanimate.) Next come three pages on the politics of the research from Evan Thomas and Eleanor Clift. Subhead: The president is trapped between religion and science over stem cells. Heres a flavor of what the article is like: Pure politics helps explain why the White House has long been expected to ban federal funding for research on stem cells extracted from human embryos. . . . And yet Bush is clearly discovering that the politics and ethics of stem-cell research are more complicated than a simple no from the federal government. By a 3-1 margin, the public wants to go forward with research that has the potential to provide magical cures for a host of neurological and other diseases. The article concludes with some helpful suggestions on how President Bush can betray stem-cell opponents without suffering too much political damage. Finally, a note of fairness: The magazines religion correspondent, Kenneth Woodward, has a short piece on the ethics of stem-cell research that doesnt have a conclusion to pound us over the head with. WORKS CITED: Newsweek. http://www.msnbc.com/news/NW-front_Front.asp

The Ritz

The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company takes the leading position in the world hotel industry, and it is the most successful competitor within the market. The progress of the company depends on following the definite strategy and principles developed to satisfy the needs of customers and to respond to the employees’ expectations.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Thus, the accents are made on the orientation toward customers and their individual and specific needs, on providing the service of the highest quality, on the successful human resources management, and on the effective leadership. In their Application Summary of 1999, the company stated the basic principles according to which the development strategies are worked out. Thus, there are Ritz-Carlton Gold Standards which include the company’s credo, motto, three steps of service, and  "Ritz-Carlton Basics† in which the standards of service are provided in detail (Application Summary, 1999). The strict dependence on these standards makes the company be one of the most successful hotels in the world which characteristic feature is the excellent quality of service. According to the standards, the employees should create the positive atmosphere which is comfortable for guests and fulfill all the customers’ wishes (Application Summary, 1999). Professionalism as the basic characteristic of the staff is reflected in the company’s motto which is â€Å"We are Ladies and Gentlemen serving Ladies and Gentlemen† (Application Summary, 1999). The employees’ professionalism should be felt in each action that is why much attention is paid to the etiquette, staff’s responsibility, positive communication, and expressing respect and dignity. Moreover, it is accentuated in the case study on the company’s development that the company ha s the low employee turnover rate, and the good reputation depends on â€Å"a comprehensive employee screening process, significant employee orientation and ongoing training, and a high level of respect and trust in staff that leads to employee empowerment† (The Ritz-Carlton mystique, 2008). It is important to note that the company’s annual turnover rate is lower than 20%, and these numbers can be discussed as minor for the hotel industry round the world (Sucher McManus, 2005). Thus, the mentioned basics guarantee the company’s ongoing success within the market.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The quality of service is based on the training programs provided for employees. Sucher and McManus state that the recruitment process in the company is the developed strategy during which HR managers examine the candidates’ abilities and provide the necessa ry training to perform the functions successfully (Sucher McManus, 2005). The process of recruitment is known in the company as the Quality Selection Process. This process â€Å"includes a series of interviews that help to establish a behavioral profile† (The Ritz-Carlton mystique, 2008). The process is important in order to choose the persons who fit the position better. The next stage of the recruitment process is the orientation of the employees to the company’s standards and values. All the employees should receive the training certificate after completing the training program. To provide the excellent service, it is necessary to realize the annual training certification (Application Summary, 1999). Furthermore, it is necessary not only to concentrate on the customers’ needs but also motivate employees to perform better. The managers organize the work of employees with references to the employees’ rights, reward and recognition, and performance appra isal strategies. Moreover, the possibilities for the career progression are accentuated in the company. One of the most effective methods to stimulate and motivate the employees is the emphasis on the fact that â€Å"employees are also empowered to solve problems and make decisions that will result in extraordinary customer service† (The Ritz-Carlton mystique, 2008). The employees are expected to provide the service of the highest level, and the assessment is realized according to the customers’ focused results. The important aspects are the individual customer’s satisfaction and constructive feedback (Application Summary, 1999). Furthermore, the leaders pay much attention to the organization of the human resources management as the significant aspect in providing the qualitative service. However, the Ritz-Carlton Hotels’ reputation depends not only on the quality of the service but also on the effective leadership. Any strategies which are developed and implemented in the company are worked out according to the definite outline. Thus, the first stage is the development of the approach plan in which the goals and operations are stated. The next stage can be discussed as the deployment â€Å"do† during which the certain strategy is realized according to the fixed points. The leaders and managers focus on the stage when it is possible to check the effectiveness of the results and make conclusions about the further realization of the similar plans. To guarantee the highest results during the realization of the next section or plan, it is important to pay much attention to the improvement actions (Application Summary, 1999).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The success and reputation of the Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company significantly depends on the developed standards of service quality, on the highl y-trained personnel, on the effective work of the human resources managers, on the orientation both to the customers and employees, and on the effective leadership strategies. References Application Summary: The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company. (1999). Web. Sucher, S. J., McManus, S. E. (2005). The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company. Web. The Ritz-Carlton mystique: Professionalism, high expectations. (2008). Web. This essay on The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company was written and submitted by user Nadia C. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Why Oppose Healthy Living essays

Why Oppose Healthy Living essays The United States is known worldwide for many reasons; one of which is our focus on health, and everything related. Our nations mindset has developed us into addicts focused on everything healthy. Diets and techniques for the best workout flood the airwaves and stream into our homes like a raging river. We the fanatics feel that everything affects our health. Aches and pains are never overlooked, if we get a headache a hospital visit may be necessary. This may be extreme however, it is not detrimental; many lives every day are saved because these small manageable things are looked into with vigor by the general population. Many people are so interested with health and the need for it in America for this simple reason. America is nearly the unhealthiest country on the face of the earth. We have good reason to be worried about all the obscene problems. America is obviously not unhealthy because of poor doctors or health care. However, most of America is unhealthy because of the demand for fast food, cheap cigarettes, and bars down every side street. America is unhealthy because we over indulge in the luxuries given to us because of our global strength and strong economy. One of these luxuries may be our strong health care system but we have reasons to be worried. When dealing with the one object we cannot replace, should we be careless with it. Every day checking into those small aches and pains that appear to be nothing, these actions save lives. Sometimes those small pains could have been the beginning to cancer, hepatitis or many other terminal illnesses. However these illnesses can be treated with their early detection. We as a nation are so involved with our health because of all the problems that are related with it. People would rather have a worry free life than be constantly plagued with the idea that they may be dying for whatever reason. This is because sickness affects everyone at some time or an...

How Saskatchewan Got Its Name

How Saskatchewan Got Its Name The province of Saskatchewan is one of the 10 provinces and three territories that make up Canada. Saskatchewan is one of three prairie provinces in Canada. The name for the province of Saskatchewan comes from the Saskatchewan River, so named by the indigenous Cree people, who called the river the Kisiskatchewani Sipi, meaning the swiftly flowing river. The Province Shares a Border to the South With the U.S. Saskatchewan shares a border to the south with the U.S. states of Montana and North Dakota. The province is entirely landlocked. Residents primarily live in the southern prairie half of the province, while the northern half is mostly forested and sparsely populated. Of the total population of 1 million, roughly half live in the provinces largest city, Saskatoon, or in the capital city of Regina. Origin of the Province On September 1, 1905, Saskatchewan became a province, with inauguration day held September 4. The Dominion Lands Act permitted settlers to acquire one-quarter of a square mile of land to homestead and offered an additional quarter upon establishing a homestead. Inhabited by Indigenous People Prior to its establishment as a province, Saskatchewan had been inhabited by various indigenous peoples of North America, including the Cree, Lakota, and Sioux. The first known non-indigenous person to enter Saskatchewan was Henry Kelsey in 1690, who traveled up the Saskatchewan River to trade fur with the indigenous people. The first permanent European settlement was a  Hudsons Bay Company  post at  Cumberland House, founded in 1774, as an important fur trading depot. Ceded to the United Kingdom in 1818 In 1803 the Louisiana Purchase transferred from France to the United States part of what is now Alberta and Saskatchewan. In 1818 it was ceded to the United Kingdom. Most of what is now Saskatchewan was part of Ruperts Land and controlled by the Hudsons Bay Company, which claimed rights to all watersheds flowing into Hudson Bay, including the Saskatchewan River.

Explain how Descartes represents a new philosophical beginning Essay

Explain how Descartes represents a new philosophical beginning - Essay Example In mathematics, we encounter absolute certainty, according to Descartes.† (Kitcher, 2006, p. 482) His search for this absolute certainty in the field of philosophy begins with a radical rejection of all beliefs, perceptions and assumptions and a completely blank page on which he attempts to build up a new logical train of thought. This paper considers the steps that Descartes takes to distance himself from traditional ways of thinking and the nature of his radical new approach. The starting point that Descartes chooses is in keeping with the religious conventions of the time, since he addresses his work to â€Å"those Most Wise and Distinguished men, the Deans and Doctors of the Faculty of Sacred Theology of Paris† (Descartes, p. 484) and he quotes the Bible and the Lateran Council of 1512-1517 to show that he is familiar with matters of the faith. His use of radical scepticism is presented as different approach to both physical and metaphysical problems and he implies t hat his intention is to follow a path of discovery which will be different from, but not contradictory to, articles of faith which are taught by the established Christian Church. Since the turn of the seventeenth century the Medieval mind-set of the Church had been badly shaken, first by the reformation and consequent debates and schisms across Europe, and secondly by a whole host of scientific discoveries that raised interesting questions about man’s place in the universe. Nowadays we call this major shift in world view â€Å"the Enlightenment.† In the first section of his treatise Descartes applies his radical scepticism to religion and science alike, suspending all that he has been taught, and coming down to the fundamental observation that the human being is made of two separate substances: the mind, which is immaterial and capable of thinking, and the body, which is corporal and capable of using the physical senses to apprehend and interact with the world. He cons iders how unreliable the senses are, and concludes that the only thing that he is absolutely certain of, is the fact that he is thinking with his mind. Body, senses and everything else are laid to one side and he concentrates on this thinking part of himself. In the second section he formulates his most famous saying â€Å"cogito ergo sum: I think, therefore I am† (Descartes, p. 492) which shows that existence is derived from thinking, and not from anything outside the self that is thinking. This is a big departure from the teachings of the Church, which had traditionally placed itself in the role of teacher and authority on all matters. Thanks to the reformation there was a much greater focus on the individual, and Descartes latches on to this to stress both the mental activity that human beings are capable of, but also the fact that we are self-aware when we are engaged in this activity. All that exists around that thinking self is an illusion, and the only absolutely certa in thing is the individual and his ability to understand and to reason. The third section elaborates this point: â€Å"I am a thing that thinks, that is to say a thing that doubts, affirms, denies, understands a few things, is ignorant of many things, refrains from willing, and also imagines and senses.†

Age Discrimination in a site based Workplace Literature review

Age Discrimination in a site based Workplace - Literature review Example nal Statistics (2008), there is an increasing trend in the number of workers aged above 50 years in the construction industry, and this number is likely to account for 30% of the total working population in this industry by the year 2020. Maurer & Rafuse (2001) observe that age has had a significant impact on the chances of people aged more than 55 years seeking employment in the UK. Most of the construction companies presume that younger and energetic people have a greater capacity to accomplish tasks and bring in new knowledge in the industry (Bendick et al. 2001). Nevertheless, it is important to note that the aging generation has significant experience to contribute to the industry. Martin et al. (2003) argues that to avoid age discrimination in the construction industry, the thought of where and how to advertise is important to ensure that different age groups are reached. Sometimes the aged are discouraged from seeking employment due to the use of advertisement language such as â€Å"recent graduate† which disregards the experienced labour force. On the other hand, some advertisements suppress the hopes of the younger energetic labour force through the use of words such as â€Å"mature† or â€Å"15 years experience† and many other words that discriminate applicants on the basis of age (Office of National Statistics 2008). Even though some tasks may require experience, some employers in the construction industry are not specific with regard to the job’s requirements. Martin et al. (2003) observes that different age groups can be offered equal opportunity if the experience needed is substitutable with equivalent qualifications. This allows the experienced older members in the labor force to match their younger qualified counterparts in applying for the job. Maurer & Rafuse (2001) argue that age is usually not a good sign of great potential among workers. Studies have proved that different people in different age groups have strong characteristics that are

Innovation Definition Essay Example for Free

Innovation Definition Essay Innovation is about bringing ideas into life. Innovation is linked to performance and growth through improvements in efficiency, productivity, quality, competitive positioning and market share. Innovation takes place at different levels from modest improvements on an existing product or process to dramatic and even historically significant breakthroughs in how we relate to the world. In all cases, the capacity to innovate will be a function of our commitments, what we want to accomplish and our relationship with the circumstances we perceive we are in. If we are resisting or coping, we see no innovation and whatever change we generate will be as a reaction to the circumstances and part of the process by which those circumstances persist. When we are responding or choosing we are in a position to innovate and will do so naturally and consistently as a function of what we observe to be possible or what we observe is missing in our perspective of the world.Change based on this view is likely to be an improvement on what already exists. INNOVATION AND PERFORMANCE A successful organisation that turns its focus to innovation is looking for achievements. Innovation shows up in the quality and quantity of ideas and the efficiency and effectiveness of implementation of those ideas. These two parameters are independent, however, when combined they form the definition of innovation performance. IMPORTANCE Innovation is not only about technology, but is also about understanding and exploring untapped user needs that require to be addressed in an efficient manner. It must occur at every stage of a product or solution development and release cycle. Thus, managing innovation is fast becoming priority in a global business environment. Firms which innovate tends to survive and grow to a greater extent. The most successful individuals, managers and team leaders in latest business world are the ones who are not only innovative in their own work, but who encourage and assist others to be innovative in every aspect of their work. Some of the key innovation areas are: product development and improvement; manufacturing processes; creating entirely new set of products; etc. In area of supply chain management, innovations help in making the supply chain more responsive, flexible and efficient. Supply chain innovation can be used to reduce costs, offer better assortment of customer centric products, decreasing time to market and driving growth. INNOVATION SYSTEM The concept of the innovation system stresses that the flow of technology and information among people, enterprises and institutions is key to an innovative process. It contains the interaction between the actors who are needed in order to turn an idea into a process, product or service on the market. Systems of Innovation are frameworks for understanding innovation which have become popular particularly among policy makers and innovation researchers first in Europe, but now anywhere in the world as in the 90s the World Bank and other UN affiliated institutions accepted. BENEFITS OF INNOVATION Technology has a vital role to play in any modern workplace and can make a huge difference to the way your business operates, and how well your staff carry out their tasks. These days, an online presence is also expected by customers and therefore is an essential component for businesses. In order to understand whether a new technology could help your business, you should review the technology you are presently using and assess how well existing systems work with your current and future business requirements. INNOVATION TYPES A number of frameworks have been used to look at types of innovation. Generally these approaches for categorizing innovation consider the sources of innovation from past successes or attempt to identify where to look for new innovation in the future. The variety of innovation types demonstrates that the benefits of innovation are not limited to new product development. Categorization also helps in the measurement of innovation, allowing for performance comparison and evidence based choices that can guide where improvements or advances might generate the most return for a given investment. This is sometimes referred to as the Return On Innovation. The ‘4Ps’ model developed by John Bessant and Joe Tidd provide a powerful tool for such analysis. It builds on the hypothesis that successful innovation is essentially about positive change, and puts forward four broad categories where such change can take place. Product innovation’ – changes in the things (products/services) which an organisation offers. Process innovation’ – changes in the ways in which products and services are created or delivered Position innovation’ – changes in the context in which the products/services are framed and communicated Paradigm innovation’ – changes in the underlying mental models which shape what the organisation does.

Fluids And Hydration :: essays research papers

How important are fluids? Fluid replacement is probably the most important nutritional concern for athletes. Approximately 60% of your body weight is water. As you exercise, fluid is lost through your skin as sweat and through your lungs when you breathe. If this fluid is not replaced at regular intervals during exercise, you can become dehydrated. When you are dehydrated, you have a smaller volume of blood circulating through your body. Consequently, the amount of blood your heart pumps with each beat decreases and your exercising muscles do not receive enough oxygen from your blood. Soon exhaustion sets in and your athletic performance suffers. If you have lost as little as 2% of your body weight due to dehydration, it can adversely affect your athletic performance. For example, if you are a 150-pound athlete and you lose 3 pounds during a workout, your performance will start to suffer unless you replace the fluid you have lost. Proper fluid replacement is the key to preventing dehydration and reducing the risk of heat injury during training and competition. How can I prevent dehydration? The best way to prevent dehydration is to maintain body fluid levels by drinking plenty of fluids before, during, and after a workout or race. Often athletes are not aware that they are losing body fluid or that their performance is being impacted by dehydration. If you are not sure how much fluid to drink, you can monitor your hydration using one of these methods. 1.Weight: Weigh yourself before practice and again after practice. For every pound you lose during the workout you will need to drink 2 cups of fluid to rehydrate your body. 2.Urine color: Check the color of your urine. If it is a dark gold color like apple juice, you are dehydrated. If you are well hydrated, the color of your urine will look like pale lemonade. Thirst is not an accurate indicator of how much fluid you have lost. If you wait until you are thirsty to replenish body fluids, then you are already dehydrated. Most people do not become thirsty until they have lost more than 2% of their body weight. And if you only drink enough to quench your thirst, you may still be dehydrated. Keep a water bottle available when working out and drink as often as you want, ideally every 15 to 30 minutes. High school and junior high school athletes can bring a water bottle to school and drink between classes and during breaks so they show up at workouts hydrated. What about sport drinks? Researchers have found that sports drinks containing between 6%

Peace Versus War Essay

A war cannot achieve what peace can. The forces of peace can rule over ignorance and superstition, over illiteracy and immorality, over disease and physical suffering, over poverty and governmental oppression. The conquests of peace are non ­violent and bloodless. They cause no grief to humanity and do not damage life or property. War causes streams of blood and untold havoc. Only the victories of peace leave no maimed limbs or mutilated bodies, no ruined cities or scorched fields. Even a superficial glance at the course of the two world wars will tell us that their victories were gained at an incalculable cost. The triumph of the First World War proved to be of a short duration. The victory itself sowed, in fact, the seeds of the Second World War. Who knows that the victory of World War- II may also prove to be of an equally short duration and a third global war may even now be in the offing. The victories of Peace, however, are everlasting. They do not rankle in the mind of any nation and their fruits are enjoyed by all people. The victorious in war exploits the conquered people. The example is the occupation of Germany and Japan by the forces of the allied countries. If the axis powers had won the war, they would have exploited the Allies in the same, if not in a worse way. Thus, victory in war is gained at a heavy cost of life, and also implies the annexation and enslavement of many territories and the exploitation of many more. The victories of peace, on the contrary, involve no butchery of human beings and are, besides, of value to the entire world. Only peace social reforms. During war men are too busy in militaristic activities to think of social improvement. It is only during peace that a literacy campaign can be started, that the standard of living of the masses can be raised, that better houses can be built for the poor, that more schools and colleges can be opened, that prisons can be reformed, that crime can be effectively checked. Even the proper working of democracy itself is possible only in times of peace. There can be no elections, no government of the people when a country is in the throes of war. Peace promotes democracy. In short, it is during peace that a general improvement is possible in cleanliness and decency, in refinement and taste, in habits and morals, in manners and speech. In peace, too, lies the opportunity for sports, for horse-racing, skiing, tennis, cricket, football and hockey tournaments and athletic contests of all kinds. It is often said in favour of war that it brings out the best in man by creating opportunities for human beings to display their great powers of endurance, their courage, their capacity for self- sacrifice, their patriotism. This is true enough. In times of peace, people do tend to become lethargic and indolent. Too much ease begets idleness and an indifference to work. But to applaud war because it stimulates men into activity would really be preposterous. So grim are the horrors of war and so devastating its effects that no defence of it on any ground whatsoever is possible.

Driving Force of Regionalism Essay

To what extent and in what ways have the driving forces of regionalism in South-east Asia changed since the end of the Cold War? Regionalism has become a trend in many regions of the world. Among them, Europe, North America and Asia (Asia Pacific region) are crucial ones. Some observers argue that the world order have been divided between these three regions with the existence of the European Union (EU), the North American Free trade Agreement (NFTA) and The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). This divergent part of the world requires comprehensive realization to make sense of how they have developed throughout history. In particular, writing the history of Southeast Asia remains a challenge as it involves the understanding of ‘societies that often took quite different view of the past †¦(and) a region where the implications of that historical tradition may have a political significance’[1]. Clapham notes that it is even more challenging to analyse foreign policy making in Southeast Asia region[2]. The early 1970’s was a significant period for the states in this region as i t was during this time that five countries decided to join together and define their position in the Cold War between two superpowers and claimed their neutrality. The fact that ASEAN has come up with such a policy is interesting to look at as it gives not only an insight of the driving forces of regionalism in Southeast Asia but also how these developing states saw themselves and formulate their foreign policy in the post-Cold War period. This paper aims to analyse ASEAN’s behaviour in order to access to what extent regionalism has changed since the end of Cold War in Southeast Asia. In that, regionalism would be conceived as ‘a state-led or states-led project designed to reorganize a particular regional space along defined economic and political lines’[3]. The discussion is divided into four parts. The first part discusses the useful theoretical insights of security community to explain why ASEAN states cooperate in the midst of new security challenge in the region. The second part identifies the diplomacy of ASEAN during the post-Cold War period. Given the confine of this paper, the discussion specifically examines the event of the Spratly Islands and the creation of ARF. In the concluding section, achievements and prospects for ASEAN will be addressed. The central argument that this paper advance is that regionalism in Southeast Asia has changed and the changes have been  driven and constrained by the security condition during the post-Cold War era where a regional power vacuum is found. ASEAN emerged from the Cold War as a regional organization in 1967. With the accession of Cambodia, it seemed to be fulfilling the aspirations of its founding fathers to expand membership to include all ten Southeast Asian countries. However, with the end of Cold War and the settlement of Cambodian conflict, ASEAN is facing a new challenge related to issues of security and stability in the post-Cold War regional environment[4]. According to the Bangkok Declaration of 1967, the goal of ASEAN is to ‘accelerate the economic growth, social progress and cultural development in the region; to safeguard the political and economic stability of the region against big power rivalry; and to serve as a forum for the resolution of intra-regional differences’[5]. The formation of ASEAN should be seen as a means of maintaining peace and stability by providing a forum for the discussion and resolution of regional issues relating to security. There are indeed a number of incidents to show that security issue is the major concern of ASEAN such as the call for a Zone of Peace, Freedom and Neutrality (ZOPFAN), the 1976 Treaty of Amity and Cooperation and ASEAN’s role in the Cambodian conflict in the 1980s. However, with the end of Cold War, ASEAN faced a new challenge to its goal when the security environment of South-east Asia was transformed by the change from the old bipolar Cold War security system to the new emerging multipolar system. The new power pattern in the region forced the ASEAN states to cooperate as they realized the security could be in danger if they do not collaborate to improve the situation. This kind of behaviour of the ASEAN states can be best explained by Deutsch’s discussion of security communities. This was especially evident in the study of regional integration and some scholars argued that the concept of security community provides the most useful framework to analyze ASEAN regionali sm. According to Deutsch, a security community is a group that has become integrated and accompanied by formal or informal institutions or practices in order to assure peaceful change among members of a group over a long period of time[6]. Essentially, members within the community retain their independence and sovereignty. The two attributes of such a community are marked by the absence of war and organized violence. To be more specific, as  Yalem notes, a regional security community is a group of states which have ‘renounced the use of force as a means of resolving intra-regional conflicts’[7]. Deutsch further adds that there should be no contingency planning or war-oriented resource mobilization against other members within a security community. This could be acted as an indicator of whether states have developed ‘dependable expectations of peaceful change’[8]. Furthermore, whether a security community has been achieved can actually ‘be tested operationally in terms of the absence or presence of significant organized preparations for was or larger-scale violence among its members’[9]. When applying the concept of security communities into the study of regionalism, it is import ant to make a distinction between security community and a security regime. Buzan defines security regime as ‘a group of states cooperate to manage their disputes and avoid war by seeking to mute the security dilemma both by their own actions and by their assumptions about the behaviour of others’[10]. Although this seems similar to the concept of security community, there is a major difference in that a security regime refers to a situation where the interests of the actors are both not wholly compatible and competitive. Thus, the resulting relationship is rather hostile and the use of force is hindered only by a balance of power[11]. In comparison, a security community is based ‘on a fundamental, unambiguous and long-term convergence of interests among the actors regarding the avoidance of war’[12]. In this context, ASEAN regionalism is more likely to be conceptualized as the process of building the security community rather than the latter. Although a security community seems to be constructed on the ground of interests and identities rather than the idea of common threat, recent literature sketched by Adler and Barnett stress that a security community can actually be triggered by common threat such as ‘cataclysmic events’[13]. As Adler puts it, the concept of a community is ‘the idea that actors can share values, norms, and symbols that provide a social identity, and engage in various interactions in myriad spheres that reflect long-term interests, diffuse reciprocity and trust, strikes fear’[14]. Furthermore, Hurrell attempts to suggest a series of approaches to study contemporary regionalism. He notes that cooperative arrangements in regional cooperation could serve a number of purposes ‘on the one hand, they can serve as a means of responding to external challenges and of coordinating regional positions  in international institutions or negotiating forums. On the other, they can be developed to secure welfare gains, to promote common values or to solve common problems arising from increased levels of regional interdependence. In the security field, for example, such cooperation can range from the stabilization of a regional balance of power, to the institutionalization of confidence -building measures, to the negotiation of a region-wide security regime.’[15] The concept of security community can be applied to explain the creation and the behaviour of ASEAN. During the time of the Cold War, great power rivalries between the Soviet Union and the US in the region has turned Southeast Asia into a battleground with the regional states being used by the opponents with the attempt to create blocs which support their positions or ideologies in the war. Simultaneously, many states in the region have been oppressed by external powers for centuries and not being treated as a respectable actor in the international agenda. Facing with the same hardship, therefore, they came together and create a region free from external interference. However, with the end of Cold War, the security order in this region is characterized by new factors of conflict and instability and ‘regional policy-makers have expressed misgivings about the strategic uncertainties and conflict-creation potential of a post-Cold War order at the regional level’[16]. Among the regional powers, China, Japan and India are generally being seen as the three leading contenders for influence[17]. For some, the involvement of US in the region as the balance of power is still desirable and the possibility of its withdrawal remains a major worry of the region’s stability[18]. In fact, there are a number of unsolved tensions in the region and most of them revolve around China’s strategic ambitions such as its claims for the Spartly Islands. In responding to the new challenge, the ASEAN states have to reconsider and adjust some of the assumptions and principles underlying ASEAN regionalism in order to contribute to regional security and order embedded in the 1992 Singapore Declaration. In order to examine in what ways the driving forces of regionalism in South-east Asia have changed since the end of the Cold War, it is essential to look at some case studies of ASEAN’s post-Cold War diplomacy: China’s claims for the Spratly Islands and ASEAN’s response Situated in the South China Sea, the Spratly Islands consists of islets and reefs with suspected deposits of oil and gas[19]. The disputes involve China, Taiwan, Vietnam, Philippines, Malaysia and Brunei. Many worried that the dispute will turn into a potential source of armed conflict involving ASEAN members particularly because ‘the likelihood of any agreement on the joint development of the islands involving all the claimants, as proposed by some regional policy-makers and analysts, has limited plausibility’[20]. In view of this, other ASEAN members initiated efforts to address the security issue which was seen as a destabilizing force in the region in the post-Cold War period. Finally in 1989, it was Indonesia alone launched the South China Sea Workshop (SCSW)[21] to promote peaceful settlement of the dispute by emphasizing the lessons of Cambodian conflict and the lessons from ASEAN regional c ooperation. Although the workshop has been extended to include China, Vietnam and Laos in 1991, there were no collective ASEAN position or action on the dispute. The irony lies on the fact that ‘the Spratly seminars are a unilateral Indonesian initiative, resulting from diplomacy not by ASEAN or even a group within ASEAN but by one member country’[22]. The regional community sense was missing in this incident particularly because Malaysia and the Philippines feared that multilateral forum could lessen their negotiating ability thus making bilateral settlements impossible. As a result, they were not willing to support ASEAN to settle the dispute involving other member states[23]. This indicates their determination to uphold national autonomy and also their perspective to view ASEAN only as a confidence-building forum rather than a regional community[24]. Consequently in 1992, China passed a Law on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone of the People’s Republic of China. The aim of this legislation is for China to formalize far-reaching claims in the South China Sea. The assertiveness of China caused doubt over the effectiveness of the previous launched workshops and made ASEAN members realized that China insisted on unilateral means to solve the problem. ASEAN responded to China’s claims with the ‘ASEAN Declaration on the South China Sea’ issued in the same year. The Declaration emphasized the need to ‘resolve all sovereignty and jurisdictional issues pertaining to the South China Sea by peaceful means  without resort to force’ and it urged all parties ‘to exercise constraint’[25]. It has been pointed out that ASEAN has claimed some success by placing the dispute on the agenda of the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) with the support of intense lobbying[26]. At the same time, ASEAN has been criticized for failing to negotiate codes of conduct in that China continued to carry on its bilateral agreement with Vietnam in 1993 and Philippines in 1995[27]. However, in a bigger picture, it made clear that all AS EAN members has developed a respect for the codes of conduct enshrined in the 1976 Treaty of Amity and Cooperation on issues relating to peaceful settlement of conflicts and the non-use of force. Evolution of the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) The ASEAN Summit of 1992 declared that ‘ASEAN shall seek avenues to engage Member States in new areas of cooperation in security matters’, therefore, the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) was established in 1993 which ‘serves as a multilateral consultative forum aimed at promoting preventive diplomacy and confidence building among the states in the Asia-Pacific region’[28]. Through the ARF, ASEAN hoped to create regional order based on its own norms as well as the new norm of inclusiveness which is essential to cooperative security[29]. In this content, the ARF provided a test of ASEAN’s norms as the membership of ARF included all the major powers of the international system whereby the regional order in this region would also base on the inclusive approach meaning that the major powers would engage in the management of regional order. In 1995, the Philippines discovered the incident of Mischief Reef by China while ASEAN responded by issuing a joint statement criticizing China[30]. It seems this stand of ASEAN fulfils the idea of community, however, it is only a partial fulfillment due to the fact that the ASEAN members have different interpretations of the conflict. ASEAN consensus is always revolved around the norms of peaceful settlement of conflict which is being seen as the guarantee for stability. However, they did not identify with the position of the Philippines, for instance, Thailand considered the dispute as bilateral and not a dispute between ASEAN and China. Again, the event actually put a test on the ASEAN member’s ability to come up with a collective position. As Malik comments on the future of the Southeast Asia regionalism, he points out that to maintain  peace in the region, it is ‘not only founded on the stability of a balance but is sourced in a sense of shared aspirations and common destiny’[31]. In view of this, the lack of consensus among ASEAN member states indicated their unwillingness to demand standards of behaviour from China which only reinforced the ASEAN’s partial fulfillment as a community. In general, the post-Cold War period has posed unleashing of conflicts in the Asia Pacific region which were effectively suppressed during the colonial era and the subsequent period of superpower rivalry[32]. With the end of bipolarity, there is a greater potential of conflict. This paper has examined ASEAN’s behaviour in security affairs during the post-Cold War ear with the objective of assessing the validity of the idea of community. Many scholars have widely acknowledged ASEAN’s potential to become a regional security community from both within and outside the region. Snitwongse notes that although ASEAN may not be able to fully achieve self-reliance, its most striking achievement has been community building[33]. Simon claims that ASEAN is perhaps a security community in which no member would consider the use of force against each other to settle disputes[34]. In the aftermath of the end of Cold War, the absence of war among the ASEAN members is indeed being recognized by many as a great achievement. Based on the discussion of this paper, it has proved that ASEAN has developed some of the attributes of what Adler and Barnett call it as a ‘nascent security community’ where a number of triggering mechanisms including threat perceptions, shared identity and organizational emulation are present. After three decades of progress in promoting peaceful intra-regional order, ASEAN faced its greatest challenge since the end of Cold War as the current regional security environment remains in a state of uncertainty. Nonetheless, the prospect of a regional power vacuum implies the possibility of ASEAN’s further progress while the question remains whether ASEAN itself can fill the security gap by mobilizing its collective diplomatic and political resources. Bibliography Acharya, A., A New Regional Order In South-East Asia: ASEAN in the Post-Cold War Era, International Institute for Strategic Studies, Adelphi Paper 279, London, 1993 Acharya, A., Constructing a Security Community in Southeast Asia: ASEAN and the problem of regional order, London, 2001 Adler, E & Barnett, M., ‘A framework for the study of security communities’, in Adler, E. & Barnett, M (eds.) Security Communities, Cambridge, 1998 ASEAN Secretariat, ASEAN: An Overview, Jakarta, 1995 Buszynski, L., ‘Declining Superpowers: The Impact on ASEAN’, Pacific Review, 3/3, 1990 Buzan, B., People, States and Fear: An Agenda for International Security Studies in the Post-Cold War Era, New York, 1991 Catley, B. & Keliat, M., Spratlys: The Dispute in the South China Sea, Aldershot, 1997 Deutsch, K.W., ‘Security Communities’, in Rosenau, J (ed.) International Politics and Foreign Policy, New York, 1961 Dewitt, D.B., ‘Common, Comprehensive and Cooperative Security’, Pacific Review, 7/1, 1994 Haacke, J., ‘Seeking Influence: China’s Diplomacy Toward ASEAN After the Asian Crisis’, Asian Perspective, 26/4, 2002 Hill, C., ‘Theories of Foreign Policy Making for the Developing Countries’, in Clapham, C. (ed.) Foreign Policy Making in Developing States: A Comparative Approach, Farnborough, 1977 Hurell, A., ‘Explaining the Resurgence of Regionalism in World Politics’, Review of International Studies, 21/4, 1995 Leifer, M., The ASEAN Regional Forum, Adelphi Paper 302, London, 1996 Payne, A. & Gamble A., Regionalism and World Order, London, 1996 Simon, S., ‘The Regionalization of Defence in Southeast Asia’, Pacific Review, 5/2, 1992 Snitwongse, K., ‘Meeting the Challenges of Changing Southeast Asia’, in Scalapino, R., Sato, S. & Han, S.J. (eds.) Regional Dynamics: Security, Political and Economic Issues in the Asia Pacific Region, Jakarta, 1990 Tarling, N., Southeast Asia: A Modern History, Oxford, 2001 Tow, W.T., Asia-Pacific Strategic Relations: Seeking Convergent Security, New York, 2001 Whiting, A.S., ‘ASEAN Eyes China: The Security Dimension’, Asian Survey, 37/4, 1997 Yalem, R.J., ‘Regional Security Communities’, in Keeton, G.W. & Scharzenberger, G. (eds.) The Yearbook of International Affairs, London, 1979

New Amer. Importance of Washington, Hamilton, and Jefferson. essays

New Amer. Importance of Washington, Hamilton, and Jefferson. essays After the American Revolutionary War had been one, the colonies were left alone and rather unorganized. By 1789, a constitutional government begins to take shape but the nation was still very new, and still unorganized. During the formation of this new nation, three figures played a key role to the formation of this new nation. The wise leadership of Washington was essential to the nation at this time because without a strong head, the rest of the nation wouldve surely fallen apart. With Washington at the head, he had to set about basically making the entire nation because at the time, there was nothing but a state of disarray. The organization of the government was no small task and congress quickly created departments of State and of the Treasury. Washington appointed Jefferson as Secretary of State and Hamilton as Secretary of the Treasury. Even though Washington played a key role in the formation of the skeleton of the nation, it was Hamilton and Jefferson who truly played in this era. These two politicians were constantly clashing, each with their own very different ideals of Americas new policies. Hamilton aim was to give the country a more efficient organization; whereas Jefferson aimed to give individual men a wider liberty. Basically Hamilton feared anarchy and thought in terms of order; Jeffers on feared tyranny and thought in terms of liberty. The still young United States needed both influences and the guidance of Washington to grow. To be able to say that one of the three people had more of an impact in the policies of the new nation would be like saying that one corner of a triangle is more important than the other three. Its impossible, because without the three of these figures; Hamilton on one end, Jefferson on the other, and Washing finding an equilibrium between the two, the country would simply not have formed the way it did. One of the first things Hamilton did was propose a bil...

Winter Holiday Activities for Grades 5-12

Winter Holiday Activities for Grades 5-12 How can teachers, especially in public schools, use the December holidays to their advantage? One way is to celebrate customs and holidays from around the world with students using a variety of activities.   Here are some ideas for meaningful and educational activities for students ahead of their winter break, making use of holiday themes celebrated near the end of the year. Christmas According to Christian belief, Jesus was the son of God born to a virgin in a manger. Countries around the world celebrate this holiday in various ways. Each of these customs as described below are ripe for investigation by students. Christmas Around the World Costa Rica: The weather is warm at Christmastime. Trees are popular. Tamales and Empanadas are traditionally eaten.England: Santa Claus is known here by the name Father Christmas. Christmas trees are decorated and stockings are hung. A drink called  Wassail  is served. Boxing Day is celebrated on December 26th which is also the feast day of St. Stephen. On this day, it is traditional to give alms to the poor and less fortunate.France: A popular dessert called the buche de noel or Christmas Log is consumed on Christmas. Often, a feast occurs after Midnight Mass on Christmas eve called the rveillon. Gifts are given by pere noel which means Father Christmas. He travels with a man called Pre Fouettard who tells pere noel how the children behaved during the previous year. In some parts of France, gifts are given on both December 6th (St. Nicholas feast day) and on Christmas. Adults give gifts on New Years.Italy: Christmas is celebrated with a large feast after a 24-hour fast before Ch ristmas. Children usually do not receive their presents until January 6th, the day of the Epiphany. These gifts are brought by Le Befana, a woman who flies around on a broom. Kenya: Lots of food is prepared, especially goat. They serve a flatbread called chapatis. Groups often go singing house to house and receive gifts of some kind from the occupants. On Christmas, these singers give any gifts to their church.United States: Christmas trees, real or artificial, are put up in homes early in December. They are usually decorated with multi-color lights and various ornaments. Stockings are hung, often on the fireplace mantel. On Christmas eve, children set out cookies or other goodies for Santa Claus. On Christmas morning, children rush to the tree to see the gifts there and in their stockings. Ideas for Christmas-Themed Projects Investigate the legend of Santa Claus.Investigate different aspects of the Christmas celebration including the tree, the decorations, the stockings, the carols and more.Perform Christmas songs in either English or other languages.Investigate traditional foods for each culture and create them for the rest of the class to sample.Present skits representing each cultures customs.In many countries, Christmas celebrations are becoming more like those  in America. Debate whether the loss of the countries traditional celebrations is good or bad.Read O.  Henrys The Gift of the Magi and discuss its meaning.Students could write in their journals about numerous topics including:Worst Christmas experienceBest Christmas experienceFamily traditionsWhat Santa Claus means to themIs Christmas too commercial? Winter Solstice The Winter Solstice, the shortest day of the year when the sun is closest to the earth, occurs on the 21st of December. In ancient times, this was celebrated in various ways by Pagan religions. Groups ranging from Germanic tribes to the Roman populace celebrated mid-winter festivals during our month of December. Of course today, three major holidays are celebrated in America during the month of December: Chanukah, Christmas, and Kwanzaa. We can create our own festival allowing us to experience how other cultures celebrate these holidays. Method of Presentation Many methods exist for creating this festival atmosphere. These range from simple classroom stations presented by groups of students about each culture to schoolwide activities that take place in a large auditorium/cafeteria and allow for more than just static presentations. Students can sing, cook, give presentations, perform skits, and more. This is a great opportunity to have students work  cooperatively  in groups to gather information about holidays and customs. Chanukah This holiday, also known as the Festival of Lights, is celebrated over eight days beginning on the 25th day of the Jewish month of Kislev.  In 165 BCE, the Jews led by the Maccabees defeated the Greeks in war. When they arrived to rededicate the Temple in Jerusalem they found only one small flask of oil to light the  Menorah. Miraculously, this oil lasted for eight days. today, Chanukah is traditionally observed in the following ways: Every night for the eight days of the festival of Chanukah, lights are lit on a  Menorah  to commemorate the miracle at the Temple over 2000 years ago.While work is not prohibited, people generally refrain from work while the Chanukah lights are lit.The  dreidel  is used by families to play a game. The history behind this game played during Chanukah is believed to relate back to a ban on work while the Chanukah candles are lit.Those celebrating the holiday eat traditionally  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹oily foods to commemorate the miracle of the oil.Children are given presents and money during the holiday. Many families give out presents each day of the holiday. This relates to rewarding children for Torah study.Many different traditions exist around the world for this celebration. Ideas for Chanukah Presentations In addition to adapting the ideas listed above for Christmas celebrations, here are some ideas for Chanukah-themed projects. Students can: Research the background to ChanukahPlay  dreidel  gamesPerform Chanukah songs Kwanzaa Kwanzaa, meaning the first fruits, was developed in 1966 by Dr. Maulana Karenga. It gives African-Americans a holiday dedicated to preserving, revitalizing, and promoting African-American culture. It focuses on seven principles with emphasis on the unity of the black family: Unity, self-determination, collective work and responsibility, cooperative economics, purpose, creativity, and faith. This holiday is celebrated from December 26th through January 1st. On each of the seven days of Kwanzaa, greetings are exchanged in Swahili. The question, Habari gani? is asked and each day the principle for that day is the answer. For example, the first days answer would be Umoja or unity.Gifts are given to children and include a book and a  heritage symbol.  The colors of Kwanzaa are red, black, and green.Seven candles in a Kinara are lit, one for each day of the holiday. One is black and represents the people. This candle is lit first. Three red candles are placed to the left of the black candle representing the struggle for African Americans. Three green candles are placed to the right of the black candle representing the future and hope. These candles are lit from left to right, one for each day. Ideas for Kwanzaa  Presentations Have students discuss each of the seven principles and why they are important.Students can discuss the necessity of holidays in making up group identities.Speakers can come in to discuss Kwanzaa and how it is celebrated.Students can create a  traditional Kwanzaa celebration in the classroom.The Civil Rights movement can be discussed in the context of the Kwanzaa celebration.

Enjoying the Hobby of Collecting Machineguns Essay

Enjoying the Hobby of Collecting Machineguns - Essay Example The machine gun has had a checkered history and was invented in the mid nineteenth century by Dr. Richard Jordon Gatling, whose weapon came to be known as the Gatling gun. He patented his invention in 1861. The Gatling gun was the first rapid firing gun and can be rightly called the ancestor of the modern machine gun. Dr Gatling said â€Å" it occurred to me that if I could invent a machine-a gun- which could by its rapidity of fire, enable , one man to do as much battle duty as a hundred, that it would to a large extent supersede the necessity of large armies and consequently , exposure to battle and disease would be greatly decreased.†2 People have been collecting guns all over the world for decades. It is akin to people collecting swords. But now a new hobby has emerged of collecting machine guns. In most countries in the world, owning a machine gun is illegal, but in the United States 34 states of the union, it is legal for citizens to own and shoot with machine guns. In case you wish to start a hobby as a machine gun collector than please insure that the state you reside allows you to own a machine gun as many states like Delaware, Hawaii, Iowa, Illinois, Kansas, New York, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Washington State and the district of Columbia, have a total ban on privately owned machine guns. However despite the above a quarter of a million Americans own machine guns. The National Firearms Act 1934 is the nodal act that governs collection of Machine Guns for any purpose or as a hobby. Before 1934, there was no bar on owning machine guns, but the NFA passed in 1934 made it mandatory to register the weapon with the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Fire arms (BATF)3.. Machine guns by and large have never been used in a crime as the procedure for owning a machine gun is very stringent. It must be noted that machine guns cannot be purchased across the counter and a lengthy period from 60to180

Interviews about American Incomes Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Interviews about American Incomes - Assignment Example We usually attend all our classes, then either go home or somewhere with friends. Depends on where we are residents. I live in this state and therefore prefer to go home for a while, whereas others would probably grab a bite to eat since they don’t have a home here to go and eat. The dress code is liberal; not too liberal, but moderately liberal. You will not be mocked if you wish to wear your traditional dress because our country is open to different cultures and minorities and wishes to treat them well. On formal presentation days, it is recommended to dress better than the other days, but most people like to dress casually on the rest of the days. Sports are an important and widely accepted part of our society; there is football, basketball and ice hockey. You should definitely check that out if you want to get a feel of our culture. Me: Thank you very much. Conversation # 2 (in recess) Me: Do you mind if I join you? Anonymous: No problem. Me: I have been hearing a great de al about the elections around here. They are on November 6th if I am not wrong? Anonymous: Yes. There is always a buzz around the time of elections. Me: What is your view on the politics of your country? Are you leaning more towards the Democrats of the Republicans? Anonymous: I do cast my vote, and I am for Democracy, therefore I will probably vote for Obama. However, I am more for the social welfare of the economy than politics as a whole. Me: For a greener better society or something related to social classes? Anonymous: Both actually, but a better society would be a greener society I believe. Me: I am actually really interested in the scenario of classes in the US. If you ever have some extra time, we can discuss this in length. Anonymous: Happy to help. Interview #1: Me: Continuing our previous conversation, I was a little unclear about what comprises the concept of ‘class’ here in the US. Anonymous: Class is synonymous to socioeconomic status and there are three s tringent divides: lower middle and upper class. However, there are variations between the three as well.  

Emergency Response Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Emergency Response Plan - Assignment Example The purpose of this program is to ensure that the emergency response is always efficient so as to manage the disasters. Conversely, the program aims at minimizing potential risks or danger to the individuals, staff, residents, visitors, and volunteers. Nonetheless, the purpose of this program is to ensure that all operations are in a state of continuity so as to effectively mitigate the risks. Moreover, an emergency response plan is never complete without clear objectives (Gandy et al., 2014). In this case, the response plan primarily aims at providing directions and outlining processes that are necessary for managing personnel, facilities, equipment and all resources during the emergency. Besides, the plan aims at minimizing the potential impacts of the disaster through maintenance of operational standards in readiness, preparedness, and awareness of the emergency situation. Though least important, the plan aims at laying the foundation for developing training programs relating to e mergency response management. The report in particular strives to develop an emergency response plan for severe storms or thunderstorms as one of the frequent disaster situations. Damages that tropical storms and tornadoes leave on the facilities they strike are enough to call for a detailed emergency response plan that can help in mitigating immediate and residual effects of such natural disasters.

The Great Gatsby Bibliography

The Great Gatsby Bibliography Barret, Laura. From Wonderland to Wasteland: The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, the Great Gatsby and the New American Fairy Tale. Papers on Language and Literature. 42.2. 2006; 150 153. Fitzgerald uses Gatsby to reflect his own perception on the American dream. Barret, however, in analyzing the New American Fairy Tale, classifies the novel as being an example of an Anti-Fairy Tale. The novel, according to Barret, illustrates The unreality of reality, a promise that the rock of the world was founded securely on a fairys wing (150). As such, the novel does not have a fairy tale ending, which is contrasted by the Wizard of Oz, which does have a more classic ending consistent with traditional fairy tales. Gatsby, as a result, paints the failure of the American dream twenty Five years later (150). Bloom, Harold. Gatsby. New York: Chelsea House, 1991. This book examines Gatsby as a romantic hero being entirely crafted from the perspective of the narrator Nick. According to the author, Nicks biased interpretation of Gatsby leaves the individuals essential qualities forever hidden (178). Bloom further explains, Gatsby depends on his efforts to translate the mysterious mans dramatic gestures into a revelation of their hidden significance (178). The reader, as a result, has to either accept the perspective of Nick or attempt to read between the lines to draw his/her own conclusions on what is really occurring. Canterbury, E. Ray. Thorsetin Veblen and The Great Gatsby.' Journal of Economic Issues. 33.2. 1999; 297-301. This particular article denotes the connection between the Gatsby narrative, the American Dream and Social Darwinism. According to the author, the point of view provided by Nick is outlining an American Dream that is unrelenting and that can swallow up those who dare seek it out. Like Darwinism, the only the most suitable and adaptable will survive. For Gatsby, his death at the end of the tale is a caution that he was ill equipped to deal with the rigors related to the pursuit of the American Dream. Rather than something to be celebrated, the American Dream and the pursuit thereof is something to be viewed with caution and scrutiny. Dyson, A.E. The Great Gatsby: Thirty Six Years After. F. Scott Fitzgerald: A Collection of Critical Essays. Ed. A. Mizener. New York: Prentice Hall, 1963. This article illustrated how the novel is distinctly American and is part of the cultural attributes of being an American and the American Dream for its respective era. For people reading the novel outs ide of the country, Dyson suggests that the novel still is of value; however, he suggests that some of the finer attributes that would be recognizable to an American would not be apparent to an outsider. Nick, as a narrator, takes some of these attributes for granted in the storytelling process. Fitzgerald, F. Scott. The Great Gatsby. New York, Scribner, 1995. As the primary source from which the study is being conducted, the use of this novel will be done with specific regards to critical statements that back the relevant theses. For example, the primary quotes that will be employed are those that reflect Nicks perspective on Gatsby. These will be coupled with outside character point of view perspectives on Gatsby when Nick switches from first to third person in the narrative. Two of the examples that will be employed of the third person nature are one conversation between Henry Gatz to Nick about Gatsby and one Jordan and Lucille talking about Gatsby. Giltrow, Janet and David Stouck. Style as Politics in The Great Gatsby. Studies in the Novel. 29.4. 1997; 476-480. This work pays particular attention to the historical era in which the novel was written with attention to Nicks role as a narrator. As the voice of the people living in that time, Nick is the medium by which those voices are heard and, as principle speaker in the text, he serves as a translator of the dreams and social ambitions of the people who surround him (476). Nicks voice, however, is suspect to interpretation and the reader is forced to figure out if Nick is critical of Gatsbys romantic notions or if Nick is truly a conservative reflection of the events that are taking place. Great Neck. The Columbia Encyclopedia. 6th Edition. Columbia University Press; New York, 2009. This particular article illustrated the Great Neck area and explains how the setting pertains to The Great Gatsby. According to the entry, geographically, Great Neck is located on the North Shore of Long Island in Nassau county. It is commutable proximity to New York City and is therefore a popular retreat for the rich as an opposition to city life. Fitzgerald lived in this area and based the fame novel on the region. Gross, Dalton and MaryJean Gross. Understand the Great Gatsby: A Student Casebook to Issues, Sources and Historical Documents. New York: Greenwood Press, 1998. Gross and Gross identify the basic plot of the novel as being fairly simple. On the other hand, it is the symbolism and mechanisms used by the author that makes the story compelling and classic. On a cursory glance, the novel simply recounts a story of man who takes on a life of crime to make the necessary money to woo a female from his past. When she finds about about his past, she rejects him and this ultimately leads to his downfall. Hawkes, Lesley. And One Fine Morning: Gatsby, Obama, and the Resurrection of Hope. Social Alternatives. 28.8. 2009; 20-24. Hawkes attempts to draw connections between the hope and the American Dream attributes of Gatsby to the recent Obama campaign in the United States. Gatsby, which is referred to as The unfinished American Epic, has a potential to be resurrected in modern times through hope and a new political paradigm (20). This article is not infallible and it has a high amount of personal bias, however, it does indicate how the novel is an enduri ng part of the American cultural experience. In terms of point of view, the entirety of the experience is based on the point of view provided by Nick, the novels narrator. Layng, George W. Fitzgeralds the great Gatsby. The Explicator. 56.2. 1998; 93-95. The point of view presented by Nick in The Great Gatsby is one that is able to articulate and make sense of the past in such a way that it is conveyed to the reader. According to Layng, Gatsbys decline is alluded to in the very next sentenceand Nick begins to save and assemble his own history. By the novels end, Gatsby is the ghost literally dead, his past with Daisy lost and nick emerges as the apostle-protagonist. (93).

Catcher In The Rye- Movie Proposal Essay -- essays research papers

Movie Proposal: The Catcher in the Rye To the Producer:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Catcher in the Rye, a contemporary novel by J.D. Salinger, is a thought-provoking, fascinating look at society’s values and issues in the 1950’s. This book would make an excellent transition to film because it is full of both action and implication. It focuses on a four-day period of time in the life of a sixteen-year-old cynic with emotional problems. The book follows Holden Caulfield as he struggles with others and himself to find his way through the â€Å"phoniness† and disillusionment involved in his adolescent life. These struggles essentially make up the novel, occurring during a long â€Å"flashback† of the four days as he relates them to a psychoanalyst. It would make a brilliant movie because it is written with so much detail, so many pictures that would be beautifully expressed through visual representation. Not only that, but the novel possesses substance, providing a subjective view of the superficiality of modern life, which is represented by the world Salinger creates around Holden. Summary: The movie would be named after the novel it is based on, and would attempt to follow the exact storyline. Pencey Prep, the private school that Holden attended would not have to be in Pennsylvania, but somewhere resembling the area. Most of the city incidents would actually be filmed in New York City. Of course, certain streets would have to be singled out, and the costuming and cars, etc., would have to resemble1950’s New York in order to fit the time period.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The movie would be narrated by Holden, who would stop talking at times to allow focus on the flashbacks taking place in what would then seem like present tense. Much of the narration does not need to be put into dialogue because Holden spends a great deal of time in his descriptions of what is going on around him. This aspect of the book would have to be carried out carefully and precisely by actors with the right kind of talent (see Characters/Acting) in order to make the movie successful in capturing Salinger’s exact tones and concepts. Note: the main objective of the movie is to present The Catcher in the Rye in visual format. This means to follow as closely as possible to the original plot, dialogue, settings, etc. as written in the book unless truly impo... ...ovel, whether obviously or inconspicuously. The novel accurately describes most of the other characters, because of Holden’s observant nature. All details given by Holden should be carried out accordingly.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The movie would be best directed by Stephen Spielberg, because of his ability to keep movies true to nature, and still produce a compelling story. This would be an excellent project for him because the objective of the film is to do exactly what Spielberg did with movies such as Schindler’s List and Saving Private Ryan: to take a story, fiction or non-, and portray it as a emotionally moving picture, while keeping it true to the original vision.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The movie spin-off of The Catcher in the Rye should accurately represent the novel written by J.D. Salinger. The budget for the film should be whatever is deemed necessary by the director to make the movie as realistic and well done as possible. The budget should not be a consideration because it would hinder the quality of the film and therefore not allow it to live up to the wonderful the novel could have as a film. If carried out well, this film would be a huge success.

Crucible Analyzing John Proctor Essay

Analyzing John Proctor as a Tragic Hero In the Crucible, a play by Arthur Miller, John Proctor is the tragic hero. A tragic hero is defined as someone who has great courage that ends up dying at the end of the story. The reason John Proctor is the tragic hero of this play is because he has so much to lose. John Proctor fulfills my requirements of a tragic hero throughout the play. He decides to go to court and expose the girls. The girls turn on him and he gets accused. He is only trying to do well, but gets falsely accused. John Proctor is also a very intelligent man who can detect others as being fraudulent, however he questions his own moral. He questions himself because of his affair with Abigail which was his only flaw throughout the play. In spite of this I still consider him an honorable man. Another thing he did was save his wife from being put to death, and also refusing to confess practicing witchcraft. He proves he is a tragic hero when he explains to the judge that since he gave his soul to leave his name. With this plea, Proctor has eliminated all hopes of living and has established himself as the tragic hero. John Proctor is a man of sufficient stature in that he is given the choice to save himself at the end of the play, but does not. He does keep his affair secretive, but that is only thing that made him seem like the villain. He did not deserve to die at the end of the play, but that is one of the requirements to make him considered a tragic hero. Proctor serves as the voice of justice in the play. He came out and told everyone about Abigail falsely accusing others of being witches. He also came out and ripped the warrant and told the men to leave. In the end, he comes close to confessing being a witch but realizes it disgraces his good name, which is all his children will know him by. The issues leading to John Proctor’s death are not universal. I believe that he should not have been the one getting the punishment in the end, but that is why he is the tragic hero. Throughout the play he was a man of integrity and nobleness. He confessed to practicing witchcraft, in which he really  didn’t. This is why he died; saving his wife from death.

Vark Assessment

Formal Paper: VARK Learning Style Baromie F. Koroma Grand Canyon University NRS-429V: Family Centered Health Promotion Professor: JenniferWood 03/03/13 1. It is known that every individual in a scholastic setting has a different way of comprehending or taking in information, an exercise that is symbolized by their exclusive learning style. With one realizing their own learning style will not only convey which courses or subjects they are competent at, however will also enlighten them of the greatest active way of learning and reading for the areas of any subject.In 1987, Neil Fleming designed the VARK learning style assessment which is a questionnaire that has questions that which answered by a person will lead to four scores that gives up to five study strategies which are: Visual, Aural, Reading/write, and Kinesthetic (Fleming,2011). The way in which these scores add up informs a person where they fall within the five areas of learning strategies which is crucial to the education o f every individual.This paper will elaborate in enormous fragment multimodal as the author took the VARK assessment and realized she is a multimodal learner. It will also compare and contrast preferred learning strategies with the VARK learning strategies and appraises any changes needed to improve study habits. The author use to think that she learn best from reading and writing of every bit of information, but after taking the VARK assessment she realized that she is a multimodal with scores of visual 6 , aural/auditory 4 , reading/write 9 and Kinesthetic 8.This means that the author requires two or more methods of learning to be an effective learner. Context approach learners and the whole sense approach learners are the two types of a multimodal learner. The context approach is used if an individual has 0ne, two or more solo preferences to learning and using those independently based on the situation (Learning Styles, 2013). An example of this will be the uthor is a visual and k inesthetic learner and she is learning hair braiding from a friend, she would not just stand there looking at the friend braiding someone else hair, but she would actually practice by doing one or more braids. The whole sense learner requires receiving information or instructions in a diverse ways in order to convince it all been received and understood correctly. For the whole sense learner, more time is needed to feel more poise in making decision.They have a tendency of having VARK scores of more than 30 without ultimate boundaries (Fleming, 2011) which is not the author style of multimodal learning. Even though the author learns in so many different was her learning choice is to read/write followed by hands on experience to know how something really works, in a proficient manner and the other strategies are used as bonus backing for my better learning. As a multimodal with a preference of read/write and kinesthetic, this author likes to read books including novels and textbook a nd do some research prior to attending any class.She takes class notes and rewrites them over and over, reread them continually, rewrite them into outline form and list them in orderly manner. The author also learn better with a list or outlined instructions to follow during a lecture and also like to study by herself in a quiet environment which has been very helpful during the past weeks with her online studies as she is not reliant on essentially hearing the lectures which would have permit her to be in a classroom for each and every lecture.The author also likes to make flashcards of terminology words to be known and a highlighter pen to underline key points on a textbook or flashcards. She also learns through corporal comfort, drawing images, sample test and making copies. An example of making copies will be printing out my class syllabus at the beginning of each class to avoid loging in to the classroom every time I vital information like assignment for the is needed. Neverthe less this author has a preference of read/write and kinesthetic, she also benefits from Aural and Visual learning style.Aural learns the data given when it is used in an audio way. Talking, listening and music are all methods that help an aural learner. They tend to learn better when they can hear instructions and voice the answers. This author uses this learning style by conversing with people about her topics and assignment to acquire a well understanding of it. A visual learner understands information well if they can see it. Their visualization abilities are tough and like to use charts, graphs and images.The author uses this learning style by underlying and printing out material in different colors that allows desirable data to stand out above data that is not relevant to what she is learning. The author’s preferred learning strategies and the VARK strategies in read/write and kinesthetic are actually similar. Visual and aural modalities are less often use by the author. The author is more comfortable in writing/studying and practice context using hands on (kinesthetic) technique. However, the author needs to comprehend the big image to have a clear understanding of the topic in place.Changes that would improve study behaviors from aural modality include using a tape recorder to place notes on and listen to it. From the visual modality, the author will Use materials such as, PowerPoint, Maps or videos to aid in remembering of data given. In conclusion, by knowing a preferred learning style one can use their own strong point to better process data, and organize their learning and communication and also create a more effective learning environment and make learning more efficient.Reference: APA Fleming, N. (2011). VARK, a guide to learning style. Retrieved from http://www. vark-learn. com/english/page. asp? p=multimodal N. A. (2013). Learning styles. Retrieved from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Learning_styles APA Citation N. A. (2013). Learning Sty les, Strategies And Teaching Methods. Anti Essays. Retrieved March 2, 2013, from the World Wide Web: http://www. antiessays. com/free-essays/34839. html

HAYES Surname Origin and Last Name Meaning

HAYES Surname Origin and Last Name Meaning The  Hayes  surname has several possible origins: An English or Scottish place name for a man who lived near an enclosure  haeg  or  heye, an area of forest fenced off for hunting. The Hayes surname may also have been derived from the old English  haes  or the old French word  heis, both meaning brushwood. As an Irish surname, Hayes may be an Anglicized form of the Gaelic surname Ó hAodha, meaning descendant of Aodh. Aodh was a popular given name in early Ireland, adapted from the  old Irish name ed, meaning fire  In County Cork the Ó hAodha surname was commonly Anglicized as  OHea. In County Ulster, it became  Hughes.  Some  uses of the Hayes surname in Ireland, especially in County Wexford, could possibly be of English origin. HAYES was the  100th most common American surname in 1990 but had dropped to #119 by the time of the  2000 U.S. census. Alternate Surname Spellings:  HAY, HAYE, HAYS, HEAS, HEYES, HIGHES, OHEA, HEASE, HEYES, HEISE Surname Origin: English, Scottish, Irish Where in the World is the HAYES Surname Found? The Hayes surname was found throughout Ireland in the mid-19th century, according to The Irish Times map of  Hayes households in the Ireland Primary Valuation property survey of 1847-64. The name was found most prevalently, however, in southern Ireland- especially the counties of Cork, Tipperary, Limerick, and Waterford. Their map of Hayes births between 1864 and 1913 shows the largest number born in the registration district of Limerick, followed by Clonakilty and Cork. According to  WorldNames public profiler, the Hayes surname is found most prevalently in Ireland, followed by Australia, northwest England (around Liverpool),  the United States  and New Zealand. Famous People with the HAYES Surname Rutherford B. Hayes  - 19th president of the United StatesLee Hays - American singer/songwriterHelen Hayes -  American actress; recipient of an Emmy, a Grammy, an Oscar, and a TonyJoanna Hayes - second American in history to win the Gold medal at the 100-meter hurdlesBob Hayes -  American sprinter and football playerCharles Melville Hays - a victim of the 1912 Titanic disasterSir John Hayes - explorer for the British East India CompanyIra Hamilton Hayes  - Hero who raised U.S. flag at Iwo JimaHunter Hayes  - American country singerAlexander Hayes  - Union army general in the Civil War Genealogy Resources for the Surname HAYES Meanings of Common Scottish Surnames: Uncover the meaning of your Scottish last name with this free guide to the meanings and origins of common Scottish surnames.Meanings and Origins of Common Surnames of Ireland: Ireland was one of the first countries to adopt hereditary surnames. Here are the meanings of fifty of the most common surnames in Ireland.My FamilyTree DNA Hayes Project: Over 185 members have already joined this DNA genealogy project, working together to connect the results of genetic ancestral testing, with traditional genealogy research, to place members in various family lines.Hayes Family Genealogy Forum: Search this popular genealogy forum for the Hayes surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Hayes surname query.FamilySearch - HAYES Genealogy: Explore over 5 million results, including digitized records, database entries, and online family trees for the Hayes surname and its variations on the FREE FamilySearch website, courtesy of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. HAYES Surname Family Mailing Lists: RootsWeb hosts several free mailing lists for researchers of the Hayes surname.DistantCousin.com - HAYES Genealogy Family History: Explore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Hayes.The Hayes Genealogy and Family Tree Page: Browse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the Hayes surname from the website of Genealogy Today. References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil. Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David. Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph. Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick, and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick. Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H. A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C. American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

Biography of Sir Winston Churchill, UK Prime Minister

Biography of Sir Winston Churchill, UK Prime Minister Winston Churchill (November 30, 1874–January 24, 1965) was a legendary orator, a prolific writer, an earnest artist, and a long-term British statesman. Yet Churchill, who twice served as prime minister of the United Kingdom, is best remembered as the tenacious and forthright war leader that led his country against the seemingly undefeatable Nazis during World War II. Fast Facts: Winston Churchill Known For: Prime minister of the United Kingdom during World War IIAlso Known As: Sir Winston Leonard Spencer ChurchillBorn: November 30, 1874 in Blenheim, Oxfordshire, EnglandParents: Lord Randolph Churchill, Jennie JeromeDied: January 24, 1965 in Kensington,  London, EnglandEducation: Harrow School, Royal Military Academy, SandhurstPublished Works:  Marlborough: His Life and Times, The Second World War, six volumes, A History of the English- Speaking Peoples, four volumes, The World Crisis, My Early LifeAwards and Honors: Privy Council of the United Kingdom, Order of Merit,  Honorary Citizen of the United States, Nobel Prize in LiteratureSpouse: Clementine HozierChildren: Diana, Randolph, Marigold, Sarah, MaryNotable Quote: The mood of  Britain  is wisely and rightly averse from every form of shallow or premature exultation. This is no time for boasts or glowing prophecies, but there is this- a year ago our position looked forlorn, and well nigh desperate, to all eyes but our own. Today we may say aloud before an awe-struck world, ‘We are still masters of our fate. We still are captain of our souls. Early Life Winston Churchill was born on November 30, 1874 at his grandfathers home, Blenheim Palace in Marlborough, England. His father, Lord Randolph Churchill, was a member of the British Parliament and his mother, Jennie Jerome, was an American heiress. Six years after Winstons birth, his brother Jack was born. Since Churchills parents traveled extensively and led busy social lives, Churchill spent most of his younger years with his nanny, Elizabeth Everest. It was Mrs. Everest who nurtured Churchill and cared for him during his many childhood illnesses. Churchill stayed in touch with her until her death in 1895. At age 8, Churchill was sent off to boarding school. He was never an excellent student but he was well-liked and was known as a bit of a troublemaker. In 1887, the 12-year-old Churchill was accepted to the prestigious Harrow school, where he began studying military tactics. After graduating from Harrow, Churchill was accepted into the Royal Military College, Sandhurst in 1893. In December 1894, Churchill graduated near the top of his class and was given a commission as a cavalry officer. Churchill, the Soldier and War Correspondent After seven months of basic training, Churchill was given his first leave. Instead of going home to relax, Churchill wanted to see action; so he traveled to Cuba to watch Spanish troops put down a rebellion. Churchill didnt go just as an interested soldier, however. He made plans to be a war correspondent for Londons The Daily Graphic. It was the beginning of a long writing career. When his leave was up, Churchill traveled with his regiment to India. Churchill also saw action in India when fighting Afghan tribes. This time, again not just a soldier, Churchill wrote letters to Londons The Daily Telegraph. From these experiences, Churchill also wrote his first book, The Story of the Malakand Field Force (1898). Churchill then joined Lord Kitcheners expedition in the Sudan while also writing for The Morning Post. After seeing a lot of action in the Sudan, Churchill used his experiences to write The River War (1899). Again wanting to be at the scene of the action, Churchill managed in 1899 to become the war correspondent for The Morning Post during the Boer War in South Africa. Not only was Churchill shot at, but he was also captured. After spending nearly a month as a prisoner of war, Churchill managed to escape and miraculously made it to safety. He also turned these experiences into a book he titled, London to Ladysmith via Pretoria (1900). Becoming a Politician While fighting in all these wars, Churchill decided he wanted to help make policy, not just follow it. So when the 25-year-old returned to England as both a famous author and a war hero, he was able to successfully run for election as a member of Parliament (MP). This was the start of Churchills very long political career. Churchill quickly became known for being outspoken and full of energy. He gave speeches against tariffs and in support of social changes for the poor. It soon became clear that he did not hold the beliefs of the Conservative Party, so he switched to the Liberal Party in 1904. In 1905, the Liberal Party won the national election and Churchill was asked to become the under-secretary of state at the Colonial Office. Churchills dedication and efficiency earned him an excellent reputation and he was quickly promoted. In 1908, he was made president of the Board of Trade (a cabinet position) and in 1910, Churchill was made home secretary (a more important cabinet position). In October 1911, Churchill was made first lord of the Admiralty, which meant he was in charge of the British Navy. Worried about Germanys growing military strength, he spent the next three years working diligently to strengthen the service. Family Churchill was a very busy man. He was nearly continuously writing books, articles, and speeches while holding important government positions. However, he made time for romance when he met Clementine Hozier in March 1908. The two were engaged on August 11 of that same year and married just a month later on September 12, 1908. Winston and Clementine had five children together and remained married until Winstons death at age 90. Churchill and World War I When the war began in 1914, Churchill was praised for the work he had done behind the scenes to prepare Great Britain for war. However, things quickly started to go badly for him. Churchill had always been energetic, determined, and confident. Couple these traits with the fact that Churchill liked to be part of the action and you have Churchill trying to have his hands in all military matters, not only those dealing with the navy. Many felt that Churchill overstepped his position. Then came the Dardanelles campaign. It was meant to be a combined naval and infantry attack on the Dardanelles in Turkey, but when things went badly for the British, Churchill was blamed for the whole thing. Since both the public and officials turned against Churchill after the Dardanelles disaster, Churchill was swiftly moved out of government. Forced Out of Politics Churchill was devastated to have been forced out of politics. Although he was still a member of Parliament, it just wasnt enough to keep such an active man busy. Churchill became depressed and worried that his political life was completely over. It was during this time that Churchill learned to paint. It started as a way for him to escape the doldrums, but like everything he did, he worked diligently to improve himself. Churchill continued to paint for the rest of his life. For nearly two years, Churchill was kept out of politics. Then in July 1917, Churchill was invited back and given the position of minister of munitions. The following year, he was named secretary of state for war and air, which put him in charge of bringing all the British soldiers home. A Decade in Politics and a Decade Out The 1920s had its ups and downs for Churchill. In 1921, he was made the secretary of state for the British colonies but only a year later he lost his MP seat while in the hospital with acute appendicitis. Out of office for two years, Churchill found himself leaning again toward the Conservative Party. In 1924, Churchill won a seat as an MP, but this time with Conservative backing. Considering he had just returned to the Conservative Party, Churchill was quite surprised to be given the very important position of chancellor of the exchequer in the new conservative government that same year. Churchill held this position for nearly five years. In addition to his political career, Churchill spent the 1920s writing his monumental, six-volume work on World War I called The World Crisis (1923-1931). When the Labour Party won the national election in 1929, Churchill was once again out of government. For 10 years, he held his MP seat but did not hold a major government position. However, this didnt slow him down. Churchill continued to write, finishing a number of books including his autobiography, My Early Life. He continued to give speeches, many of them warning of Germanys growing power. He also continued to paint and learned bricklaying. By 1938, Churchill was speaking out openly against British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlains plan of appeasement with Nazi Germany. When Nazi Germany attacked Poland, Churchills fears had proved correct. The public once again realized that Churchill had seen this coming. After 10 years out of the government, on September 3, 1939, just two days after Nazi Germany attacked Poland, Churchill was asked to once again become the first lord of the Admiralty. Churchill Leads Great Britain in WWII When Nazi Germany attacked France on May 10, 1940, it was time for Chamberlain to step down as prime minister. Appeasement hadnt worked; it was time for action. The same day that Chamberlain resigned, King George VI asked Churchill to become prime minister. Just three days later, Churchill gave his Blood, Toil, Tears, and Sweat speech in the House of Commons. This speech was just the first of many morale-boosting speeches made by Churchill to inspire the British to keep fighting against a seemingly invincible enemy. Churchill spurred himself and everyone around him to prepare for war. He also actively courted the United States to join in the hostilities against Nazi Germany. Also, despite Churchills extreme dislike for the communist Soviet Union, his pragmatic side realized he needed their help. By joining forces with both the United States and the Soviet Union, Churchill not only saved Britain but helped save all of Europe from the domination of Nazi Germany. Falls Out of Power, Then Back in Again Although Churchill was given credit for inspiring his nation to win World War II, by the end of the war in Europe, many felt he had lost touch with the daily lives of the people. After suffering through years of hardship, the public didnt want to go back to the hierarchical society of pre-war Britain. They wanted change and equality. On July 15, 1945, the election results from the national election came in and the Labour Party had won. The following day, Churchill, age 70, resigned as prime minister. Churchill remained active. In 1946, he went on a lecture tour in the United States that included his very famous speech, The Sinews of Peace, in which he warned of an iron curtain descending upon Europe. Churchill also continued to make speeches in the House of Commons and to relax at his home and paint. Churchill also continued to write. He used this time to start his six-volume work, The Second World War (1948-1953). Six years after resigning as prime minister, Churchill was again asked to lead Britain. On October 26, 1951, Churchill began his second term as prime minister of the United Kingdom. During his second term, Churchill focused on foreign affairs because he was very worried about the atomic bomb. On June 23, 1953, Churchill suffered a severe stroke. Although the public wasnt told about it, those close to Churchill thought he would have to resign. Surprising everyone, Churchill recovered from the stroke and got back to work. On April 5, 1955, 80-year-old Winston Churchill resigned as prime minister due to failing health. Retirement In his final retirement, Churchill continued to write, finishing his four-volume A History of the English Speaking Peoples (1956-1958). Churchill also continued to give speeches and to paint. During his later years, Churchill earned three impressive awards. On April 24, 1953, Churchill was made knight of the garter by Queen Elizabeth II, making him Sir Winston Churchill. Later that same year, Churchill was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature. Ten years later, on April 9, 1963, President John F. Kennedy awarded Churchill with honorary U.S. citizenship. Death In June 1962, Churchill broke his hip after falling out of his hotel bed. On January 10, 1965, he suffered a massive stroke. He fell into a coma and died on January 24, 1965, at age 90. Churchill had remained a member of Parliament until a year before his death. Legacy Churchill was a gifted statesman, writer, painter, orator, and soldier. Probably his most significant legacy is as a statesman who led his nation and the world during World War II. Both his actions and his words had a profound impact on the outcome of the war. Sources â€Å"The International Churchill Society.†Nicholas, Herbert G. â€Å"Winston Churchill.†Ã‚  Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, 26 Mar. 2019.â€Å"Past Prime Ministers.†Ã‚  History of Sir Winston Churchill - GOV.UK.