tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-34672452345537036812023-11-15T05:41:22.033-08:00How to succeed in college essayevelyngibson1983http://www.blogger.com/profile/17199271242191368000noreply@blogger.comBlogger74125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3467245234553703681.post-48433575245583071802020-08-25T22:02:00.001-07:002020-08-25T22:02:11.779-07:00From Spiritual Leader to English Milk Maid: Colonialism and Maasai Women :: Essays PapersFrom Spiritual Leader to English Milk Maid: Colonialism and Maasai Women Before Western burden of the country state, Maasai people kept up covering places of intensity and social distinction among fluctuating age gatherings. For quite a long time, there was no unmistakable, gendered qualification between the local and people in general/political spaces, or among social, monetary and political exercises (36). However with the new provincial boundaries of male Maasai power conceive from Western social frameworks, the Maasai grasped new methods of control and authority, turning out to be something that may be classified male centric (16). In this new pastoralist framework, ethnic changes were dismissed, free enterprise benefit drove outside local relations and Maasai ladies lost the spot of respect and authority inside Maasai originations of being Maasai. Before frontier contact, wedded ladies were essentially more persuasive than generally assumed. As far as riches and economy, wedded ladies kept her very own sizeable harvest steers with elite rights to milk and results of her crowd and kept up joins with neighboring agrarian gatherings, exchanging surplus milk, covers up, smallstock and even jackasses for the required grain and food stuffs (30). Ladies customarily made a trip to business sectors and exchanging settlements, visited companions and family members at neighboring properties (27) and were allowed to take darlings preceding and after marriage, inasmuch as customary family obligations were not dismissed (31). Besides, ladies had the option to campaign legal procedures and intervene connections among Maasai and God, along these lines communicating moral position and force (33). In any case, starting in 1890, Western imperialism reshaped the Maasai's impression of who they ought to be. In spite of the fact that the German expansionism was lopsided and constrained, it debilitated the Maasai through illness, and built up the act of state rule (37). Acclimating the Maasai to pioneer, and afterward national, plans of progress, the attestation and extension of state power reordered Maasai lives and employments to suit Western needs (275). Ensuing British guideline during the 1900s extended on state authority with innate movements and new heads of family units, implementing perfect arrangements of ethnic character with regional personality on a versatile and roaming individuals. Disappointed Westerners made a political chain of command of Africans to managed through co-optation (61) and established pilgrim charges upon the men, disturbing steers possession among people (69). Indeed, even during the 1960s, proceeding a conceivably rewarding wellspring of state income, remote associations burned through a huge number of dollars on the improvement of Maasai profitability, yet the projects held no social affectability and floundered. evelyngibson1983http://www.blogger.com/profile/17199271242191368000noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3467245234553703681.post-72076502926516458472020-08-22T05:58:00.001-07:002020-08-22T05:58:10.582-07:00Depression Article Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 wordsSadness Review - Article Example This investigation needed to give the connection between useful social help (FSS) and mental capital (PC), with tension and stress indications among individuals living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). The investigation says that it is extremely valuable to utilize PLWHA since through business they get pay and wages that they use to improve a mind-blowing nature, they become more joyful and they can go to emergency clinic to be dealt with at whatever point they feel debilitated. For the individuals who are not utilized and are living with HIV/AIDS, they can't have a quality life, they can't be upbeat and they do not have the cash to use for treatment at whatever point they are wiped out. Despite the fact that benefits that are picked up from the work of PLWHA, there a great deal of joblessness cases on the planet. The fundamental purpose behind this is mental trouble, mental, physical and different variables of public activity and populace (Liu et al., 326). At the point when we discuss otherworldly capital (PC), we simply mean such things like adequacy, trusting in a positive future and versatility that are useful in applauding the presentation of laborers and complimenting them. We likewise thinking about whether they are getting fulfilled at their work environment. In this article, the analyst directed a cross-area study in Liaoning Province which has a populace of 43 million individuals between the long stretch of December in the year 2010 and the period of April in the year 2011. In this example, there were 360 people living with HIV/AIDS and were completely utilized, somewhere in the range of 18 and 16 years old. The two techniques that could help in social affair information were giving out polls to the example and the utilization of educated assent. In the wake of circulating out the survey, 320 were completely filled, and they were dissected and later outcomes were discharged. During the time spent leading examination, those ideas and techniques that were utilized are Pearsonââ¬â¢s relationship, evelyngibson1983http://www.blogger.com/profile/17199271242191368000noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3467245234553703681.post-13115003544928256672020-08-10T01:02:00.001-07:002020-08-10T01:02:04.461-07:00Advice From The ElderlyAdvice From The Elderly To the class of 2016 My name is Jess, and I graduated in 2010. That makes me twenty-three whole years old. I am impossibly old. I am improbably old. According to science (and by science I am obviously referring to Science Magazine, who published a study on my expected lifespan in their spring 2010 edition) I should have died by now, considering the way I continue to regularly eat peanut butter straight from the jar, or food that has fallen on the floor. I am probably the age of some of your older brothers or sisters, with whom I am competing for a space in an attentive yet flexible elderly care facility. When I was 18, I dont think I even knew anyone who was in their 20s, but now you do, and I am here to represent my decade of twenty-somethings (my least favorite phrase after meat lover, panty-dropping, and were all out of tacos) by giving you some elderly-person advice. (Although I am not as old as a postdoc in my lab who shall remain unnamed to protect the aging, who told me, I was asking our undergrad [Janet] if she had seen Silence of the Lambs, which came out in 1991. And Janet goes, I was born in 1991! And I was just like, please keep that information to yourself, JANET.') (I know. I know when you were all born, and its after 1991. Please follow unnamed-elderly-postdocs advice above and keep this information to yourself.) Now that weve gotten that out of the way, Im writing this entry for a few reasons. One, because the last entry I wrote as a blogger my senior year ended on something like a stay tuned for my next blog entry, after graduation! which I never wrote, and I imagine my tens of tens of readers were waiting with bated breath for an entry that never came. And by tens of tens of readers, I obviously mean just my mom, and today is my moms birthday, so happy birthday, Mom. Ive given you the gift of breathing! (Kind of like you did, twenty three years ago!) Two, because I hung out with a freshman recently who was all like, Whats 50 Things? And I think my pacemaker almost stopped just right there on the spot. (You should go read 50 Things right now, if you havent already. It is required reading for entering MIT. Dont worry, Ill wait.) And three, because Im about to be class of 2016 myself. After working for two years in Boston, Im moving back to California to start medical school, where I will be wearing flip flops every single day, even in the OR. (See, this story does have a happy ending!)(It ends with me losing all my toes.) I wanted to pass on some advice I would give to myself as an 18-year-old, other than stop eating food that has fallen on the floor; youre not as sneaky as you think youre being, and people can see you. I dont have 50 pieces of advice; Ben pretty much covered most of those bases already. But there are a few big things that Ive tried to live by or maybe wish I had realized when I was your age, and I hope you find them helpful. So here goes nothing Try to actively put yourself out of your comfort zone as often as possible. When you put yourself in a situation thats uncomfortable, you learn things about yourself that you wouldnt normally discover sitting at home in your sweatpants eating Twizzlers and watching seven episodes of Game of Thrones in one sitting. (I would never do that! I hate Twizzlers!) Like for example, youre surprisingly resourceful! And you can meet people you wouldnt normally come in contact with! People who might be casting agents for the next season of Game of Thrones and just happen to be looking for a Korean-American character who wasnt written into the books! You know, things like that. Change is a good thing. As a freshman, I had a group of friends who I did everything with. We took the same classes, ate lunch together, went on road trips to Cape Cod together. We celebrated Passover and Christmas and pranked each other and held sleepovers and in short, they were my first family at college. We had an incredible first year together, and I thought it could only get better from there. And then three of my very best friends in the world decided to leave MIT. (The retention rate at MIT is something like 97%, in case you were wondering.) I was really, completely devastated. After relying on my friends for pretty much everything, I had no idea how to rebuild, but eventually I figured out I had to move. It took me a while, but I got up the courage to move to a floor where I knew almost no one. And it turned out that moving was the best thing I could have done. Because heres what happened all when I moved to Burton 1, and met my second family at MIT: I met the girl who answered her apartment door for me at one thirty on a Tuesday night, when I needed a friend the most. She introduced me to the boy who, on my last night in Boston, stayed up until 3 AM with me, who borrowed a car and drove me to the airport two hours later. I learned how to start a dance party anywhere, any time. I fell in love and drove to the Grand Canyon. I made connections on my new floor that took me to Haiti, Monaco, Japan, and Senegal, all completely paid for (and even sometimes with a stipend!) by MIT. (Please, please do this. If you need help finding out how to go places through MIT, email me. Heres your first hint: you know all those weird pamphlets they sent you about things like MISTI that you probably either threw away or used as a napkin? Please read them. Its like a cheat code for free travel, if your life was a video game. MIT honestly paid my friend to go s pend a month in Mongolia learning how to kill goats without spilling any blood. You know, the important stuff. There is nothing that broadens your perspective like living in another country for an extended period of time. In my opinion it should be a requirement to graduate, but, you know, it is much easier to sit at home and eat Twizzlers, Game of Thrones, etc.) But back to the point when I look back on how much of my life has been shaped by the people I met, just because I moved that one time, its absurd that so much of my life hinged on that one moment. Because I moved, I met the people who I know will someday be in my wedding and at my medical school graduation and helping me raise my children. If I hadnt been brave enough to make that change, I dont even know if I would be headed off to med school today. On a somewhat related note to that message move. And I dont just mean dorms when I was applying to college, the single most important thing was for me to go to school as far away from California as I could. Now Im a little older, and applying to med school the single most important thing was for me to go back to California. I absolutely love Boston, and Im so heartbroken to leave it, but there are times in your life when you realize youre stagnating. You still have a lot of growing to do. Move. Let chapters end. A study of a seventy-year-olds by the NY Times found that those who viewed themselves as happiest often viewed their lives as separated into chapters. The thing about every chapter, though, is that they all have to come to an end eventually. I have the worst time letting go of things, but you cant force people to stay the same just because you want them to. It doesnt mean you were any less important to each other when you were in each others lives. Which reminds me the boy (or girl) who breaks your heart really badly and seems impossibly cool was just like you, lost and confused and a total nerd, this time last year. Forgive him anyway. He will never know the strength youve gained from having met him, and youll be more careful with other peoples feelings because of it. Ask for help. Its okay to ask people for favors! Ask people for help all the time! Ask the lady next to you to help you zip up your sweater on the T and shell probably do it, even if she thinks youre a weirdo with big thumbs! I grew up with two of the most supportive parents a girl can ask for, and I happened to go into a field that my parents are very well acquainted with. Inevitably, this means that my parents have tried to get involved in every facet of my career trying to get me interviews with different labs, finding me shadowing opportunities with their friends, etc. And for a long time, I was really embarrassed by this. I rejected a lot of their efforts because I was scared, and I thought that I could only rely on myself. Heres a big hint: the world doesnt work that way. We rely on other people to get us where we need to go, and I quickly learned at MIT, a few thousand miles away from my parents and any help they could try to impose on me, I still needed the help of those who had previously done what I hoped to do in order to get me to where I needed to be. Embracing that took a long time, and in turn I try my best to give advice and support to those who are now where I was not so long ago. It takes one person to extend the hand, but it doesnt make you weak to take it. Take the help; its what you do with the opportunity that really matters. There are a very short list of things in this life that cant be improved with a sense of humor. Itll make for a great party story later on. And if all else fails, be brave! Ive been trying to write this entry for over a month now, and Im finally finishing it on the plane ride home from Boston. Youll find that at this point in your life your friends become your family, and Im leaving mine just as many of you are leaving yours. Im terrified to start over, but I was just as terrified six years ago when I moved away from my real family in California to come to MIT. Sometimes the thing that you hold on to the most, the thing thats the most comfortable for you, is also the thing thats holding you back from the life you really want. Be brave. Grab the risk with both hands and dont look back. At the end of the day, youll be better for it. Be the kind of person who talks to cab drivers. Waste less time thinking about what other people think of you. Learn how to write a thank you note, and write them often. Sing karaoke. Stop worrying about what your hair looks like; nobody cares nearly as much about it as you do. Approach these next four years with an open heart and an open mind. Dont feel entitled to anything you didnt sweat and struggle for. But in my experience, and in Conan OBriens experience, if you work hard and youre kind, amazing things will happen. I cant wait to hear about all the amazing things youre going to do with your lives. -Jess evelyngibson1983http://www.blogger.com/profile/17199271242191368000noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3467245234553703681.post-33998420643739842622020-05-23T16:00:00.001-07:002020-05-23T16:00:04.875-07:00Enron Case Study - 5921 Words Enron Case Study [pic] Part A: Problem Focused Analysis and Recommendations. 1. Brief Case Background. List key events, use timeline. Case Background At one time Enron was one of the worldââ¬â¢s largest producers of natural gas, oil, and electricity. It also appeared to be one of the most profitable companies, taking shareholders from $19.10 in 1999 to $90.80 by the end of 2000. Enronââ¬â¢s top management answered to a Board of Directors whose responsibility was to question and challenge new partnerships, ventures, and decisions within the company. On several occasions, Andrew Fastow, the companyââ¬â¢s Chief Financial Officer approached the board of directors with new investment partnerships which the board approved with very littleâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Lay died at the age of 64, in 2006. At the time of his death, the Securities and Exchange Commission was still trying to get $90 million in addition to civil fines. Skilling was indicted for securities and wire fraud and was convicted on 19 of 28 counts. He was sentenced to 24 years, 4 months in a federal prison. In addition he was ordered to pay $26 millio n out of pocket to restore the Enron pension fund. The result of Enronââ¬â¢s downfall contributed to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) in 2002. This law contains stronger penalties for fraud and requires public companies to avoid making loans to management, report more information to the public, become more independent from their auditors, and to report on and have audited the financial internal control procedures. Now, in public companies, when a manager signs off on a financial document of any kind, they are held responsible for the credibility of that document and its contents. After Enron, several other companies were investigated for fraudulent financial behavior such as Adelphia Communications, Tyco International, and WorldCom. Enron Timeline 1999 Enronââ¬â¢s stock price is $19.10 2000 Enronââ¬â¢s stock price is $90.80 with revenues of $100.8 billion (up from $13.2 billion in 1996) February 2001 Jeffrey Skilling becomes president and CEO of Enron. â⬠¢ Debt levels rise to $37.3 billion, a 91% increase over previous 12 month period. â⬠¢ Share price falls toShow MoreRelatedENRON Case Study1572 Words à |à 7 Pages1. The Enron debacle created what one public official reported was a ââ¬Å"crisis of confidenceâ⬠on the part of the public in the accounting profession. List the parties who you believe are most responsible for that crisis. Briefly justify each of your choices. Following parties are believed to be the most responsible for the crisis. With any big organization going so bad, the blame starts with the top level executives, there was no different in this case. For Enron the blame started with Enronââ¬â¢sRead MoreEnron Case Study2596 Words à |à 11 PagesEnron a Case Study Enron, once known as the worldwide leader in energy trading, began as a natural gas pipeline company. ââ¬Å"At its peak, Enron brokered up to 20 percent of Americaââ¬â¢s energy transactions. These included basic contracts to deliver natural gas from wells to pipelines for distribution to homes, contracts for the purchase of electrical power facility out port, and more complex financial contracts, which allowed power companies to manage price and market riskâ⬠(Ackman)Read MoreEnron Case Study4789 Words à |à 20 PagesEXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report will analyse the groupthinkââ¬â¢s concerns in the collapse of Enron. The collapse of Enron is less than three months, which Enron from a very prosperous company to a bankrupt enterprise. The collapse of Enron is one of the most grievous business failures in United States. This disastrous business failure had causes a large number of employees lost their jobs and retirement savings. Groupthink leads groups to make faulty judgments. Groupthink occurs when a group makeRead MoreEnron case study1195 Words à |à 5 Pagesï » ¿Q 1: Evaluate Enron profit and cash flow performance during the period 1998 ââ¬â 2000? Profitability Measures Enronââ¬â¢s reported net income grew from $703 million in 1998 to $979 million in 2000, totaling 35.1% profit growth for the three-year period. Enron was among the leading of ââ¬Å"high performingâ⬠companies by sustaining a high earnings growth insight. However, as Table 1 indicates, Enronââ¬â¢s reported profits were microscopic relation to revenues. Net income did not grow at anything near the sameRead MoreEnron Case Study Analysis1699 Words à |à 7 PagesBusiness Strategy Enron Case Study 09/08/12 Enron Case Study: From Company to Conspiracy 1. What is the History of Enron, and what current situation does it find itself in? Enron was created by a combination of companies. These companies were Houston Natural Gas and InterNorth. These companies were merged together in July 1985. CEO of Houston Natural Gas, Kenneth Lay became chairman and CEO of the combined company. This happened in February 1986. The company changed its name to Enron on April 10thRead MoreEnron Case Study Summary976 Words à |à 4 PagesEnron Case Study The case of Enron is a fascinating one. United States is a country where auditing and accounting principles are so strong. How can something take place on such high level in the United States? The Enron case demonstrates the need to reform the accounting and corporate governance practices in the United States. Moreover, the Enron case made government officials to pay close attention to deregulated energy market. Some of the aspects that struck me are discussed below. One of theRead MoreEnron Case Study1472 Words à |à 6 PagesQ 1: Evaluate Enron profit and cash flow performance during the period 1998 ââ¬â 2000? Profitability Measures Enronââ¬â¢s reported net income grew from $703 million in 1998 to $979 million in 2000, totaling 35.1% profit growth for the three-year period. Enron was among the leading of ââ¬Å"high performingâ⬠companies by sustaining a high earnings growth insight. However, as Table 1 indicates, Enronââ¬â¢s reported profits were microscopic relation to revenues. Net income did not grow at anything near the sameRead MoreEnron Tyco Case Studies2163 Words à |à 9 PagesRunning head: CASE STUDIES: ENRONââ¬â¢S FALL AND TYCO INTERNATIONALââ¬â¢S LEADERSHIP CRISIS Case Studies: Enronââ¬â¢s Fall and Tyco Internationalââ¬â¢s Leadership Crisis Grand Canyon University BUS 604 November 4, 2009 Case Study: Enronââ¬â¢s Fall and Tyco Internationalââ¬â¢s Leadership Crisis The tight Federal regulations now governing businesses and their accounting practices came about because one corporation, Enron, took risks their company could not withstand without taking some rather extreme measures inRead MoreEnron and Worldcom Case Study1225 Words à |à 5 PagesEnron and WorldCom Case Study This report is based on the demise of Enron Corporation and WorldCom. Both the firms are demised due to the ethical lapses. These ethical lapses come into existence when managements of the firm, uses unethical practices to accomplish the goals of the firm. Maintaining financial and accounting standards in the business practices are necessary. The profession of accounting has become a mockery due to the accounting scandals that took place all over the world in theRead MoreCase Study: Accounting for Enron4415 Words à |à 18 Pagesï » ¿ Case Study 9 Kim Chau California Southern University MKT 86519 Dec 19, 2014 N. Papazian Accounting for Enron Introduction In the case of Accounting for Enron, the case concerned one of the largest corporate bankruptcies in the US history at the turn of the 21st century. It was Enron Corporation, a one time seventh largest most successful US company, sixth largest energy company in the world, valued at over $70 Billion; they filed for chapter 11 on December 2, 2001. Just the year before evelyngibson1983http://www.blogger.com/profile/17199271242191368000noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3467245234553703681.post-74747551323260217062020-05-12T12:54:00.001-07:002020-05-12T12:54:03.605-07:00Using the French Expression Grâce àCorrectly The French expression grà ¢ce à (pronounced grah sa) is a common phrase that people use to give credit to someone or something for a positive event or outcome. It is the rough equivalent in English of the phrase thanks to. Examples Like most French grammar youll use, grà ¢ce à à is spoken in the normalà register, meaning its used in everyday conversation, neither formal nor informal in tone. You may find yourself saying in any number of situations, such as these: à à à Grà ¢ce à mon mari, jai une idà ©e pour un livre.à à à Thanks to my husband, I have an idea for a book.à à à Grà ¢ce à ton assistance, il a fini le travail.à à à Thanks to your help, he finished the work.à à à Grà ¢ce à Dieu!à à à Thank God! Variations You can also modify this phrase to say its thanks to... by placing the wordà cest in front of grà ¢ce à :à à à Sil a rà ©ussi à lexamen, cest grà ¢ce à toi.à à à If he passed the test, its all thanks to you.Remember that à followed by the definite article le or les must contract:à à à Cest grà ¢ce au centre de loisirs que je sais utiliser Facebook.à à à Its thanks to the leisure center that I know how to use Facebook.à à à Grà ¢ce aux conseils de Pierre, nous avons trouvà © la maison parfaite.à à à Thanks to Pierres advice, we found the perfect house.Antonym: To blame someone or something for a negative event or situation, use the expression à cause de. evelyngibson1983http://www.blogger.com/profile/17199271242191368000noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3467245234553703681.post-84429150148518852062020-05-06T12:24:00.001-07:002020-05-06T12:24:12.298-07:00Hitler Was a Bad Leader Free Essays One of the most controversial topics in history is whether or not Hitler was a good leader; to this I say he wasnââ¬â¢t. During Hitlerââ¬â¢s reign of power, more like reign of terror, he may have brought success to the world but none of it can undo his damage; none can ever compensate for the lives he took. Hitler was a terrible leader in that he manipulated the young, he was very hypocritical, and he caused the Jewish Holocaust. We will write a custom essay sample on Hitler Was a Bad Leader or any similar topic only for you Order Now Hitler may have done more damage than good; however, he did know what he was doing. Hitler knew he needed supporters, and so he went to the people who would be the easiest to bring to his side. According to Hitler himself in his speech at Reichsparteitag in 1935, ââ¬Å"He alone, who owns the youth, gains the Future! â⬠Hitlerââ¬â¢s manipulation of the youth succeeded into misleading an entire generation of idealistic German boys with the idea of racial and national superiority. Hitler strongly believed that any race or appearance different from what he claimed perfect, which was to be blonde with blue eyes, were to be destroyed. He used these ââ¬Å"perfectionâ⬠of people to become his base of support to help him carry out his barbaric attacks and later the holocaust. The young children did not know any better than to listen to their leader, so they acted without question, basically willingly helping him commit his sickening mass murder. The fact that he chose to manipulate younger children shows how pathetic he really was in that he wanted them because they were easier. Aside from his manipulating of innocent children to become his personal slaves, another reason he was a horrific leader was that he was a hypocrite. Hitler is most known for his act of murdering thousands of Jews because they were not blonde with blue eyes, but in reality, who is he to judge? Last time I checked, Hitler wasnââ¬â¢t even German but Austrian with black hair. This shows that he was an extremely racist man in that he attempted to take out an entire race because they were not his preferred ethnicity. This also shows that he was not fit to be a leader in that leaders are supposed to practice equality of all people, and are supposed to be of exemplary character. Seeing how he let his racist ways control him into committing such horrendous crimes just adds to how bad of a leader he really was. When someone first hears the name Hitler, there is usually a strong negative connotation that comes with it in that most people relate him directly to being the cause of the holocaust. The first reason he should never have been leader was that any person with such a sick and compulsive mind should never be in power. Already having such a fixed mindset, it should have been known that he would only do damage with his power. According to those around him, Hitlerââ¬â¢s reasoning for the killing was that Jews were the cause of Germanyââ¬â¢s problems. First of all, with no actual proof, it shows that Hitler acted on feeling instead of reason which obviously would only lead to downfalls. It also shows that he was a liar, and never should a country have such a ruler. Even if it is what he believed, it also shows he acted on impulse and simply what he believed instead of what was for the good of everyone. However, if he would still try to persuade people that he believed it really was for the good of all, it then just shows how he had the worst judgment and should not have been named ruler. Hitler was one of the worst rulers in our history because of his lack of good judgment and because of his wrong doings. Hitler gained support through the manipulation of innocent minds, which shows he was weak. He lived and spoke through hypocrisy, especially when he acted in killing thousands of Jews because of something they could not change. Hitler may have had some minimal success in adding to the world, but his injustices will forever shame him into being a horrible leader. How to cite Hitler Was a Bad Leader, Papers evelyngibson1983http://www.blogger.com/profile/17199271242191368000noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3467245234553703681.post-70539787178254780222020-05-02T11:24:00.001-07:002020-05-02T11:24:03.663-07:00Impact of Organizational Structure and Leadership Question: Discuss about the Impact of Organizational Structure and Leadership. Answer: Introduction: The relationship between Personality and Job performance is an important part of a successful company, industry or any type of organization. The relation between personality and job performance is an important subject or we can say a topic which is taken into consideration very seriously in various successful companies for a long time. The meaning of job performance is clear to us from its name, i.e. the performance of an employee of the company regarding its work or job. Actually the job performance depends upon various types of factors for its complete construction (Halim Zainal, 2015). Job performance tells us about the performance an employee of a company against a particular job or task given to it by the company. How well an employee performs that task can also be viewed by this process. Job performance also tells us about the initiatives taken by the employees of the company for doing any type of task. Further, this study also describes about the maximum extent up to which th e employees of an organization completes that task. This study helps an organization or the company in judging the utilization of various resources given to them by the company for performing different different tasks. This study indicates about the methods being used by the employees of the company for completion of a task given to them. It also indicates about time and the energy spent by the employees in fulfilling their task (Thisera, 2013). The personality of an employee also plays an important part in performing his or her job. Personality indicates various things about a person. It helps an organization or a company in indicating the general tendency to experience various factors such as feeling of fear, feeling of embarrassment, anger, sadness, guilt, etc. in any person or an employee of the company. Personality also indicates about extraversion of a person which includes various factors like sociability and talkativeness etc. it also tells about the intellectual curiosity of an employee to experience new thing from time to time in performing various tasks successfully for the sake of the company (Rothmann Coetzer, 2003). The personality of a person also describes about the will strength of that particular person for a task assigned to it by its organization. The way of talking, the way of thinking and the way, according to which one behaves with the other, is represented from this study. How an employee of a company behaves and communicates with others shows its personality. Personality and the job performance of an employee are related to each other. Nowadays, most of the companies, industries or any other organization either on a large scale or small one, each of them wants an employee who is well personalized as well as has good performance (Barrick Mount, 1991). Personality and performance plays an important role in a person or an employees life because these two qualities affect a lot to the company, industry or an organization to which they are related or we can say for which they are working. A person with good personality and work performance can completely change the work environment surrounding it. Therefore, it can be judged that the environment is completely influenced by the performance and the personality of an employee of a company. The personality of a person shows its attitude with others. The way a person takes decisions for a particular task is represented by its work performance as well as through its personality. Personal skills of a person also affect the workplace hugely, because it shows the action and the reaction of that person during the work. Personality and the performance of an employee show the quality of leadership. Personality also affects various things like conflict, motivation, etc. in a group of employees of an organization (Shahhosseini, et al., 2012). There are different different views of the people which affect the job performance as well as the personality of the other person. Personality and job performance of an employee helps an organization in judging various qualities of that employee. These qualities show that how an individual can handle a problem with the help of his personal beliefs, skills, values, etc. There are many factors such as agreeableness, quality of openness and stability to emotions, etc. which helps the company in making various predictions like an individual will have more or less conflicts, he or she will be able to work in a group or not and positive or negative a ttitudes towards their work or job assigned to them by the company. These are those factors which cant be easily changed because these factors are developed throughout a persons lifetime. So this study helps the management of a company to understand the positive and negative points of their employees rather than to fight with them while assigning any type of task to them for the betterment of the company (Maria, 2013). Interpersonal skills of a person or an employee of a company greatly affects the work environment of that company (Chu Huang, 2013). The positive attitude of an employee affects the company work with positivity and the negative attitude of an employee will affect the work of the company negatively. A person or an employee having a positive attitude or the positive nature, qualities generally enjoys completing his or her task while working. The positive attitude of an employee towards its work helps in motivating other employees of the company. A person having positive factors have the sensitivity and empathy, which helps them to act nicely with other employees working at a same work place. Management of the company provides special and important tasks to the employees having positive nature regarding to their work. Employees having a positive attitude are often placed at good designation in the company and they help the company in managing other employees of that company, dealing wi th important customers of the company and solving major problems being faced by the company. Taking important decisions in the company for the sake of the company is greatly influenced by the attitude of the employee which is a part of its performance and his or her personality (Tsai Chang, 2007). Positive qualities of an employee helps him/her in taking right decisions for the sake of the company under a great pressure, but on the other hand the person with negative qualities will be unable to make the right decision for the betterment of the company in those such conditions of great pressures and work load. This study helps the management in placing the right person in the right place to perform various tasks placing in appropriate positions so that they can give their best to the company for which they are working depending upon their qualities. If the management places an employee on a designation according to its nature and attitude than it automatically raises the motivation level of that employee and he/she will be able to work nicely and can easily complete his/her task in a specific time slot (Sakiru, et al., 2013). The overall job performance of an employee as well as of the company will be raised, because each employee will be happy with his/her work and will raise the level of their work on a daily basis. Therefore, the overall productivity of the company will get raised which automatically increases the business of the company if and only if the employees of the company are happy and are satisfied with the work assigned to them by the management (Agbim, 2013). Organizational Behaviour (OB) can be defined as the knowledge or a study related to an individual in an organization, as well as it also provides a description about the nature of the organization itself. Organizational behaviour helps in understanding the nature of various employees working in a company and it is becoming a necessary part of each and every organization day by day because people with different backgrounds and cultural values have to work together in an effective and efficient manner for the betterment of the company (Greek, 2016). Organizational behaviour provides a vision to an organization with the help of which the management can easily forecast that how employees will behave with each other. Therefore, this vision helps an organization in controlling the employees having a negative attitude towards their work for the benefit of the company. Organizational behaviour (OB) helps the management in indicating various factors or we can say important trends which are ne cessary for the development of the company or an organization. It helps an organization in making important decisions and selecting a particular method or an approach to complete the work and carrying its business worldwide. Organizational behaviour helps the management of the company in evaluating the relevance among many different approaches. It helps in maintaining the relationship between the practical work and the theoretical work of an organization by following various types of topologies. Organizational behaviour helps in predicting the various study values taken into consideration by the company for the completion of the task and in achieving its aim or mission. It also provides the information about establishing a basis for consideration of the various aspects (Ashraf, 2014). The interrelationship between the employees of an organization and the various management practices can be viewed easily and quickly with the help of organizational behaviour. It is the responsibility of the OB (Organizational behaviour) to make an understanding between the management and the employees, so that employees can easily understand the need of change required for the company. It gives the information to the employees about the important tasks which require more attention while performing them for a successful completion. Organizational behaviour (OB) provides the various resources required by the employees of the organization for performing their job. It provides the complete knowledge about the work or task to the employees, so that they can easily understand the method that how they have to do that particular task assigned to them by the management. The organizational behaviour of each and every successful company or an organization needs to apply the relationship between personality and the job performance for selecting an appropriate person for their company. It should recruit only those types of persons those who are having a good personality being followed by a good quality of working performance. If a person selected as having both the qualities than he/she can perform their assignments more effectively and efficiently, while creating a working env ironment around them (Parra Marengi, 2012). According to this study, we can easily imagine the importance and various advantages of the relation between the personality and the performance of a person or an employee. According to this a person should have both types of qualities, i.e. he/she should have a good personality as well as good performance to easily compete with other. A person can nourish his/her qualities by expanding their contacts list containing those persons which can provide benefits to them in their job through providing benefits to the company. An employee should actively participate in various activities being performed within the company. They need to participate in solving the problems being faced by the company from time to time and should have a clear image about the aim or the goal they want to achieve. Management of the company should provide easy presentations to the employees with the help of organizational behaviour. The management of the company should reward their employees those who are working well for the company, which automatically motivates and forces other employees of the company to improve their performance. This type of motivation will increase the overall performance of the company, which lead to increase the market value of the company and productivity of the company. Management of the company should need to check and should take a survey from time to time that either the employees are satisfied with their job or not. A person should change itself from time to time for modifying the various qualities related to his/her personality and working ability. An employee should attain the quality of leadership which is a part of both personality as well as performance. If he/she is having those qualities which are required by most of the companies nowadays then he/she can easily survive in the competitive environment of the company. If a person attains both the qualities, than he/she can be placed on a good designation in the company by the management. An employee should know about the different culture of the countries so that it can be beneficial for the company to carry its business across the boundaries through those employees. He/she should have the knowledge about different languages, so that they can easily communicate with the people of different countries. This also helps them to communicate with the employees working with them who belong to different cultures and countries. Therefore, we can say that OB scholars and leaders should follow the concept of the relationship between personality and the job performance for the sake an organization. References Agbim, K., 2013. The Impact of Organizational Structure and Leadership Styles on Innovation. IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM), February, 6(6), pp. 56-63. Ashraf, T., 2014. Organizatonal Behavior: UNESCO, Available at: https://www.unesco.org/education/aladin/paldin/pdf/course02/unit_14.pdf Barrick, M. Mount, M., 1991. The big five personality dimensions and job performance: A META-Analysis. The big five personality dimensions and job performance: A META-Analysis, March, 44(1). Chu, L. Huang, K., 2013. How Personality Traits Mediate the Relationship Between Flow Experience and Job Performance. The Journal of International Management Studies, 8(1), pp. 1-14, Available at: https://www.jimsjournal.org/4%20Chen-Lin%20Lee.pdf Greek, W., 2016. What Is the Role of Personality in Organizational Behavior?. What Is the Role of Personality in Organizational Behavior?. Halim, F. W. Zainal, A., 2015. Achievement motivation as mediating factore in the relationship between personality and job performance relationship. Achievement motivation as mediating factore in the relationship between personality and job performance relationship, Volume 2, p. 11. Maria, B., 2013. the relationship between leadership effectiveness and organizational performance. Dresmara journal, 3(1), pp. 123-127. Parra, R. Marengi, J., 2012. Approcahes to organization and management, Available at: https://catalogue.pearsoned.co.uk/assets/hip/gb/hip_gb_pearsonhighered/samplechapter/0273757342.pdf Rothmann, S. Coetzer, E., 2003. The big five personalty dimensions and job performance. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 29(1), pp. 1-7. Sakiru, O., Enoho, D., Kareem, S. Abdullahi, M., 2013. Relationship between employee performance, leadership styles and emotional intelligence in an organization. IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS), February, 8(2), pp. 53-57. Shahhosseini, M., Silong, A., Ismaill, I. Uli, J. N., 2012. The Role of Emotional Intelligence on Job Performance. International Journal of Business and Social Science, November, 3(21), pp. 1-6, Available at: https://www.ijbssnet.com/journals/Vol_3_No_21_November_2012/25.pdf Thisera, T., 2013. Expolring the relationship between supervisor's leadership and subordinates performance. International Journal of Social Science Interdisciplinary Research, June.2(6). Tsai, H. Chang, P., 2007. Investigating the relationship among leadership styles,emotional intelligence and organization commitment on job performance: A study of salespeople in Thailand. The Journal of Human Resource and Adult Learning, December.3(2). evelyngibson1983http://www.blogger.com/profile/17199271242191368000noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3467245234553703681.post-44550583737269630102020-03-23T05:52:00.001-07:002020-03-23T05:52:02.582-07:00The History Of Psychology Essays - Psychological Theories The History Of Psychology The History of psychology Roots of modern psychology remain in the past at the time of ancient Greece, yet the beginning of psychology has been around for nearly a century. It's exact date is 1879, in Leipzig, Germany. Leipzig was the first laboratory for experimental psychology. Wilhelm Wundt was really the first person to actually call himself a psychologist. He was the first person to have an experimental laboratory for psychology. Hermann Von Helmholtz was psychologist in mathematics and experimental mathematical physics. His works are connected with the eye, the ear, and the nervous system. Another person was a German as well, his name was Gustav Fechner, he studied how physical stimulation is translated into sensations, all three of these guys then came up with determinism. Structuralism, introduced in the United States by Edward Titchener, emphasizes the what of mental contents rather than the why or how. This theory is based on presuming all mental experiences could be understood in a combination of events of elements broken into smaller chunks. An example could be smelling a fragrance and trying to analyze what the ingredients are. The argument is that this simplistic theory is based on sensations of the consciousness. Functionalism, according to William James, is the ability for learned habits that help organisms adapt to the environment and function effectively. Structuralism searches for elements and contents, but functionalism goes into the property of the mind and it's interactions with the environment. John Dewy is a famous functionalist who used this theory in looking for ways to improve education. In order to understand a behavior, action, or thought, it is important to understand the function or purpose it serves not what the structure may be. In otherwords, explain behaviorism rather than control them. Evolutionism, a theory developed by Charles Darwin, proposes that all species have ever-changing traits that help organisms and species survive in what is called natural selection process. Functionalism deals with behavior whereas evolutionism deals with the process of behavior and mental processes. Structuralism on the other hand deals with what makes up the structure or human mind. evelyngibson1983http://www.blogger.com/profile/17199271242191368000noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3467245234553703681.post-67414821545821770532020-03-06T02:14:00.001-08:002020-03-06T02:14:02.901-08:00Great tips on deductive essay writingGreat tips on deductive essay writing Deductive essay It is known that possessing remarkable critical thinking skills is rather useful. As to students, they have a marvelous opportunity to apply them when producing a deductive essay. The process of deductive reasoning has a lot in common with doing jigsaw puzzles. If you want to write a paper properly, you should ask your professor about the way of presenting arguments. Note that there are two types of arguments: propositional and categorical. When the instructions are specified, you may begin producing your work. By the way, there is no need to divide your piece of writing into sections. The thing is that it may cause some problems with providing information logically. Learn the Peculiarities of Deductive Essay Writing What Is a Deductive Essay? A deductive essay is a form of an academic essay, in which the writer should present logical reasoning in a form of a deductive argument. The professors assign this task to check the student`s ability to think logically and be able to present the sound and reasonable arguments to support some position. The key principle of writing such an essay implies the student`s ability to build a logical conclusion having ample information regarding some issue or subject. Most people often use the deductive skills in everyday life. As such, to understand the essence of the problem, they need to gather a lot of arguments and evidence. Indeed, almost all daily decisions are made with the help of a deductive approach. In other words, every person is able to make a logical conclusion considering the information he/she possess. A deductive writing style has a few peculiarities. As such, it requires an in-depth research about the topic and cannot be based on mere writer`s observations, especially if he/she is not an expert in this particular area. Moreover, to write a good deductive essay, you need to choose one of the most effective deductive essay topics. If you experience some difficulties with choosing the topic, feel free to address your professor and he or she will gladly assist. To summarize, writing a deductive essay is impossible without the clear thinking and analytical skills. If you state something, do not forget to support it with the reasonable evidence and remember that as long as you can prove your argument, it sounds good. Tips Which Help you Write an Exclusive Paper Select a Subject There is a huge variety of deductive essay topics. Thus, you need to choose the most suitable for your paper. The next essential step is to formulate a key statement. Otherwise, you will not be able to write a unique work. Remember that it is a fundamental element of your piece of writing. It sometimes happens that students single out a few central points. However, it is very hard to join everything together and provide incontrovertible facts to support ideas. Sometimes professors give students topics which they have to cover. Furthermore, even the main idea of your work may be formulated. In this case, writing a reasoning essay becomes more difficult. You have to make sure that there is enough material on exploring the subject. By the way, if you have stuck and do not understand how to move on, you may browse the Internet to get fresh ideas. You should not worry about plagiarism. When using sources, you collect information about the topic. However, you should complete an assignment on your own presenting your personal opinion about the issue. Thus, you will not be accused of plagiarism. By the way, you can always order an authentic deductive essay online. Present Facts In this section, you need to provide readers with powerful arguments concerning the examined matter. Therefore, you should explain research results clearly. If you produce this part of paper in the right way, you will not face problems with writing a good conclusion. If you do not want to miss any points, which should be covered, you need to write a comprehensive essay outline. In order to make your work valid, you should also present vivid deductive examples, statistical data, and concrete facts. Thus, your professor will understand that you deserve the highest grade. For this reason, you should not leave your paper till the last minute. If you have enough time, you will complete this assignment successfully. Make Conclusion Your research may lead to writing a few clear summaries. The main conclusion should restate the thesis and summarize your paper. Remember that it is important to explore the subject in detail. Only then, you will be able to arrive at reasonable conclusion. Now, you know how to answer the question ââ¬Å"How do you write an essay of this type?â⬠Each paragraph of your paper should analyze one point. If you follow this rule, you will structure your work properly. Surely, writing an essay of this kind is not easy. However, if you take the above-mentioned steps into account, you will succeed. Reasons to choose our deductive essay writing writing service We are the best organization in providing writing papers, research papers, essays, dissertations or term papers at cheap prices which you all can afford. We have been doing this business for years now and no organization has this much of experience compared to us. Our writers are professionals who know most of the topics inside out and write some of the finest piece of writings that you can get. It will definitely meet every of your requirement. Suppose you like doing mathematics and not writing essays. So what happen when English teacher comes and tells you to write an essay and your grades will be determined by those essays? You dont want your grades to suffer just because you donââ¬â¢t like writing essays and other writings, do you? You shouldnt be forced to write essays otherwise it will be like forcing a crime on an innocent. Writing can be a hectic task for the students who are not just that into it or writing anything for that matter. But fortunately you have got the option of buying essays online from us. You can buy essays from an organization which particularly provides professional writing material or you can get it from a second grade organization and completely waste your precious money. People like us are here to help you in writing any piece of material of any level. We truly put people out of their miseries when it comes to providing written materials. Dont hesitate on buying essays from us and your grades will never be a problem. evelyngibson1983http://www.blogger.com/profile/17199271242191368000noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3467245234553703681.post-63968606449894056392020-02-18T17:38:00.001-08:002020-02-18T17:38:03.129-08:00Project Manangement The Reluctant Worker Case StudyProject Manangement The Reluctant Worker - Case Study Example Moreover, these skills promote understanding among individuals at workplace and enable them sustain good relationships and this in turn benefits the organization. This paper represents a report based on the case study of the reluctant worker focusing particularly on key professional skills that influence the growth and development of an organization. Actually, there are core skills that are at play in the case of the reluctant workers. Basically, all professionals are required or encouraged to possess a broad range of skills but most importantly, is the ability to communicate effectively with others and be able to express their views freely. For instance, three key skills that apply or are insufficient here are lack of team building, Leadership skills as exhibited by the project manager, and planning. To start with, there is lack of team building among workers and their team leader in this organization. Ideally, team building refers to the ability to form productive groups and confor m to the rules set and cooperate with others with the aim of achieving a common goal. Arguably, team building at workplace enhances goal achievement, efficiency in working process and satisfies the workers (ââ¬Å"Ferguson Publishersâ⬠, 2009). ... Team building therefore plays a significant role in motivating the workers hence, organization tasks progress more efficiently and effectively. Secondly, appropriate leadership skills are very essential in ensuring that the management operate in the required manner, workers are motivated to work accordingly with increased efforts thereby increasing productivity of the organization. According to Adair, leadership is regarded as the most important composition of management (Adair, 2013). A leader has to understand others and cooperate with them appropriately (ââ¬Å"Ferguson Publishersâ⬠, 2009). Ideally, leadership involves accountability, transparency and understanding. Generally, good leaders act as a role model in the organization and always concentrate on upholding the name or reputation of the organization. They should be able to understand themselves and other people as well. More so, the best leader ensures completion of tasks, roles and responsibilities both assigned to th em and their subordinates (ââ¬Å"Ferguson Publishersâ⬠, 2009). They are expected to exercise self development and self management in the light of leadership knowledge and skills. Based on the case study of the reluctant workers, the project manager, Tim Aston to a larger extent did not exhaust and practiced the recommended leadership skills required in his position. Aston failed to clearly define the sequence of activities, create appropriate time for the juniors to be able to attend the meetings, and motivating the workers maybe through teambuilding process. Aston did not actually communicate effectively to the workers and this we can assume that he lacked good communication skills to be able to convince the workers and understand their evelyngibson1983http://www.blogger.com/profile/17199271242191368000noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3467245234553703681.post-8712202841529925372020-02-03T23:10:00.001-08:002020-02-03T23:10:03.495-08:00Bollywood as a global industry Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 wordsBollywood as a global industry - Research Paper Example It is very easy to establish that every local channel has an Indian music or movies. On top of that, movies, songs and dance styles are loved by many people who even do not understand the language. For example, one of the old Hindi films called Shree 420(1955) is still aired up to date, although some changes have been made to it. Bollywood is a perfect example of a global industry. It is one of the largest film making industries not only in India but also in rest the world. It is located In Mumbai, India. The name Bollywood is derived from two names; Bombay which is the initial name for Mumbai and Hollywood which is the famous American film producers. Bollywood naming mainly came to being because of ââ¬Å"Tollywoodâ⬠which refers to the film industry of West Bengal. Tollywood started at around 1932. In 1930s, Bollywood started to venture in sound filming. This was mainly because at that time, there was a huge market for the Indian music as evidenced by the first Indian sound film (Ardershir Iranââ¬â¢s Alam Ara) which was a great realization. However Bollywood passed through many tough times which could easily have lead it to collapse. Such times include World War 2 (1939-1945), great depression and struggle for independence. After India got its independence in it experienced a ââ¬Å"golden ageâ⬠. Under this period, Bollywood produced several films which are largely acknowledged up to today. They include Kaagaz Ke Phool of 1959 and Madhumati of 1958. It is also during this time that it produced extolled actors and actresses who include Mala Sinha, Guru Dutt and Mani Kaul. Over time, Bollywood incorporated romantic and action films and also improved in the animation sector. From the year 2000, Bollywood started to increase its market target by increasing interconnectedness of countries through adopted of advanced technology (Ganti, 2012). Bollywood has help a lot in cultural development. Through these films, it has spread evelyngibson1983http://www.blogger.com/profile/17199271242191368000noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3467245234553703681.post-43065333667849076812020-01-26T19:32:00.001-08:002020-01-26T19:32:08.259-08:00The Singapore Cultural Analysis Cultural Studies EssayThe Singapore Cultural Analysis Cultural Studies Essay Singapore is a small island in southeast Asia Known for its trade and tourism. It is a small island with not much history but has a strong economy, stable government and a vibrant culture. II. Brief discussion of the countrys relevant history Singapore was a British colony for nearly 150 years merged with the Malay territory. In 1965 it gained independence from the British and was separated from Malaysia to from a new country called Singapore the name derived from singa-pura which means city of the lion. . (everyculture.com, n.d) III. Geographical setting Situated in Southeast Asia, Singapore is a small island with a total area 647.5 square kilometers, with land being 637.5 and water 10 square kilometers including the main island and around 60 islets and the coastline extends to 193 kilometers. Malaysia, Indonesia and Brunei are the bordering countries to Singapore. It is the focal point in the Southeast Asian sea routes. A.Location Singapore is located at the tip of the Malay Peninsula in Southeast Asia in between Malaysia and Indonesia. 1 22 N, 103 48E is the geographical location of Singapore. B.Climate Singapore experiences tropical climate with high humidity and rainfall. There are no specific rainy and dry seasons but during the northeast monsoon (dec-mar) it receives abundant rainfall and during the southwestern monsoon (jun-sep) it is the driest comparatively. C.Topography Singapore Island is mostly low-lying, green, undulating country with a small range of hills at the center. The highest point is Bukit Timah which is 166 meters and the lowest point is the Singapore strait which is 0 meters. There are sections ofà rainforestà in the center and largeà mangroveà swamps along the coast, which has many inlets, particularly in the north and west. Singapores harbor is wide, deep, and well protected(Singapore overview , 2007). IV. Social institutions A.Family 1.The nuclear family The general family trend in Singapore is a nuclear family which is the parents and the unmarried children living under the same roof. About 85% of Singaporean families are nuclear families. . (everyculture.com, n.d) 2.The extended family Close links are maintained between the relatives from both the mothers and fathers side. There is a positive amount of interaction between the extended family with them getting together during festivals and celebrations. . (everyculture.com, n.d) 3.Dynamics of the family a.à Parental roles The parental roles that is the duties and responsibilities of a parent towards their children are shared equally by the mother and the father. b.à Marriage and courtship Monogamy or having only one wife is the general rule in Singapore but Polygamy or having more than one wife at the same time is allowed among Muslim Malay. The divorce rate in Singapore is seemingly increasing but Interethnic marriages still are had to come by. The average age at first marriage has increased, and it is customary for young people to live with their parents until they marry. . (everyculture.com, n.d) 4.Female/male roles (changing or static?) The male and female roles are changing with 80% male employment and 50% female employment. Women are being given more importance in society through the time but there still lacks female involvement in the managerial or high level roles. (everyculture.com, n.d) B.Education Singapore has a very high literacy rate with a strong education system. The education system is based on six years of primary school, four years of secondary school and later vocational school or university, depending on the grades and student prefferences. The best schools are very demanding with the competition being high and fierce. (everyculture.com, n.d).Singapore one of the most prominent education hubs in Asia with high levels of education standards attracting students from all over the world with some of the best universities and institutions in the world. 1.The role of education in society Education plays a very prominent role in society were children are thought to hold the key not only to their own future but also to the future of their families. The average age at which children start school is six. (everyculture.com, n.d). Due to the increasing competition for jobs and personal improvement in Singapore there is high emphasis given to good education and nurturing and promoting the various talents of the students. a. Primary education Primary education is a total of six years which consists of a four year foundation stage from Primary 1 to 4 and a two year orientation stage from Primary 5 to 6. The overall aim of primary education is to give students a good grasp of English language, Mother Tongue and Mathematics. There is no fee for primary school but there are some miscellaneous expenses which add up to SGD $11/ month. During primary school the students are encouraged to participate in Co-Curricular Activities and Community Involvement Programs to develop early skills. At the end of primary school the students have to take a national level examination called the Primary school leaving examination (Ministry of education, 2012). b. Secondary education Secondary education consists of four to five years of school in which the students are placed in Special, Express, Normal (Academic) or Normal (Technical) course according to how they perform at theà Primary school leaving examination. The different curricular emphases are designed to match their learning abilities and interests. The fees for secondary school varies from $5/ month for public schools, $3-$18 for autonomous schools and $200-$300 for independent schools. For graduating from secondary school the students have to attend a national examination called GCE O Levels(for Special/Express courses) or GCE N Levels (for Normal course).All students take part in at least oneà Co-curricular activity;à CCAà performance is considered for admission toà JCs,à CI, polytechnics andà ITE(Ministry of education, 2012) c. Higher education Singapore has some of the best universities offering various programs. The National University of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore Management University and Singapore University of Technology and Design are some of the most reputed universities in Singapore. These universities have a worldwide reach and attract thousands of students each year. There are universities from all over the world also who offer their programs in Singapore either by collaborating with Singaporean institutions like university of Whales and university of Bradford who offer their programs through Management Development Institute of Singapore (MDIS) or by setting up a sister campus in Singapore like INSED which is one of the worlds premier business school from France and James Cook university an Australian university have sister campuses in Singapore. 2. Literacy rates Singapore has a high literacy rate due to the emphasis given to education. The % of people above the age of 15 who can read and write is total population:à 92.5%à male:à 96.6%à female:à 88.6% (2000 census) (Singapore-counrty profile ,2012) C. Political system Singapore is a republic with a parliamentary system. As a former British colony, Singapore since independence in 1965 has adopted the Westminster Module. The head of state is the president, who is elected for a fixed term of six years. The parliament is elected in a general compulsory election every five years. There are also six nominated members of the parliament. The cabinet is the executive organ of the state, and execution of government policies is carried out by ministries and statutory boards. . (everyculture.com, n.d) 1.Political structure: Singapores government is segrigated into three segments. -Executive- This includes the presedent who is the head-of-state abd the cabinet which is lead by the prime minister.(www.sg , 2011) -Legislative- The Legislative branch is theà Parliament, which is elected byà general electionà every five years. The first sitting of Parliament was held on 8 December 1965. The first general election for Parliament was held on 13 April 1968. There are 22 registered political parties. .(www.sg , 2001) -Judiciary- Theà Supreme Courtà and itsà Subordinate Courts make up the judiciary. The Judiciary administers the law independently of the Executive and this independence is safeguarded by theà Constitution.(www.sg , 2011) 2.Political parties- There are 22 political parties in singapore and are as follows: Singapore Chinese Party Persatuan Melayu Singapura Partai Rakyat, Singapore State Division Angkatan Islam The Workers Party Pertubohan Kebangsaan Melayu Singapura Peoples Action Party (PAP) United Peoples Party Barisan Socialis (BS), Socialist Front (SF) Parti Kesatuan Raayat (United Democratic Party) Singapore Indian Congress Alliance Party Singapura United National Front National Party of Singapore The Peoples Front Justice Party, Singapore Democratic Progressive Party Peoples Republican Party United Peoples Front Singapore Democratic Party (SDP) National Solidarity Party (NSP) Singapore National Front. (nationsencyclopedia.com , 2007) 3.Stability of government The Singapore government is very stable. There has never been a political imbalance and the government has never been dissolved. 4.Special taxes 5.Role of local government Since singapore is such a small country it does not have divisions in local government and is ruled by divisions of the central government instead. In 1996 the then primeminister of singapore Goh introdused a system of community devolopment councils (CDCs). In november 2001 the number of CDCs redused from 9 to 5 consisting of South West, North West, Central Singapore, South East, and North East. They are managed by a council comprising a mayor and between 12 and 80 council members. (nationsencyclopedia.com , 2007) D. Legal system The legal system of Singapore is designed on the bases of British law. . (nationsencyclopedia.com , 2007) 1.Organization of the judiciary system. The judicial system consistes of the supreme court which is the higest level headed by the chief justice who is appointed by the president on the recommendation of the primeminister.It divided into the high court the Court of Appeal, and the Court of Criminal Appeal. This id followed by the subbordinate courts which are magistrates courts, trying civil and criminal offenses, the disrtict court, the juvenile courts, for offenders below the age of sixteen and the coroners courts; and the small claims courts, which hear civil and commercial claims for sums of less than S$10,000. . (nationsencyclopedia.com , 2007) 2.Code, common, socialist, or Islamic-law country? 3.Participation in patents, trademarks, and other conventions 4. Marketing Laws E. Social organizations 1.Group behavior 2.Social classes 3.Clubs, other organizations 4.Race, ethnicity, and subcultures Singapore is predominantly Chinese with 77% of the population being Chinese according to the 2002 census. It also mentioned that Malays consist of 14% of the population and Indians consist of 8% of the population. The rest 1.4% of the population consisted of various other ethnic groups.(nationsencyclopedia.com , 2007) F.Business customs and practices V. Religion and aesthetics A.Religion and other belief systems There is freedom of religion with some exceptions. Singapore has been described as one of the most religious countries in the world. The major religions are Islam (Malay), Hinduism (Indians), Buddhism, Taoism, and folk religion (Chinese), along with a substantial number of Christians of various denominations. 1. Orthodox doctrines and structures There are many Chinese and Indian temples, Malay mosques, and Christian churches in the main public arenas for religious activities. Much religious activity is also carried out in the home. There are different street festivals according to the ritual calendars of the different ethnic groups. . (everyculture.com, n.d) 2. Relationship with the people Even with the vast difference in religious beliefs the people of Singapore live in peace with each other maintaining good relationships with people from all religious backgrounds. 3. Which religions are prominent? The Chinese religions of Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism are the most prominent with 51% 4. Membership of each religion The Chinese with Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism take up most of the population with 51%. About 15% of the population is Islamic About 15% of the population is Hindu And the rest of the population are from various other religions such as Christianity, Jewish, Jain and Sikh (nationsencyclopedia.com , 2007) B.Aesthetics 1.Visual arts (fine arts, plastics, graphics, public art, colors, etc.) 2.Drama, ballet, and other performing arts Today in Singapore people who go to theatres enjoy traditional ethnic theatre such as Chinese opera and Malayà bangsawanà (which took root in Singapore in the 19th and 20th century respectively), as well as contemporary theatre, which emerged in 1950s and 60s with the establishment of mainly amateur groups. English language theatre gained prominence from the 1980s with a change in educational policy which emphasised English to be the main language of instruction. Today with more than 130 theatre companies and societies in Singapore, practicing a range of contemporary and traditional ethnic theatrical forms Singapore has a vibrant performing arts developed through time..(National Arts Council, 2012) 3. Folklore and relevant symbols Singapore like most Asian countries hos a rich folklore and legends from which symbols are dericed. One such folklore about the symbol of Singapore which is the merlion explains that one day the villager in the southern cost were awakened by howling winds and crashing waves. It was covered with black clouds and was thought the whole island would be engulfed by the sea. The villagers went down on their knees in prayer and suddenly in the sea appeared a gigantic creature half lion and half fish and won the battle against nature and saved the villagers. (10 Legends and Myths of Singapore, 2012) VI. Living conditions Singapore has one of the best living conditions in the world attracting people from all over the world to live, work and study there. A.Diet and nutrition 1.Meat and vegetable consumption rates Singapore has high meat and vegitable consumption rates. With the variety if foods available in singapore the main components in every day meals are Rice, fish, chicken, and vegetables. 2.Typical meals There are 3 main meals breakfast lunch and dinner and Rice, fish, chicken, and vegetables are the staples. The main ingredients are mixed with spices, coconut, lime, chili etc create numerous varieties of dishes. Each ethnic culture has its own special dishes. (everyculture.com, n.d) 3.Malnutrition rates Singapore has a low malnutrition rate with childern below the age of 5 having only 2.2% malnutrition rate.( Health Statisticsà > Malnutrition prevalence, height for age > % of children under 5 (most recent) by country, n.d) 4.Foods available Due to the vast culture and ethnicity Singapore has a variety of dishes from Chinese cuisines, Indian cuisines, Malay cuisines and with the influence of western culture have a large variety of wesrten cuisines available. Singapore is the food hub of Asia and because of the availability of such vast cuisines is an attraction to people from all over the world. B.Housing A vast majority of population live in public housing which is publicly developed managed by the Housing and Development Board. About 80% of the population live in public housing which are like small town ship with schools, markets and health centers. The rest of the population live in privately developed houses and appartments which are slightly more expensive than public housing. (Housing in Singapore, n.d) 1.Types of housing available There is public housing which includes three-room, four-room, five-room and executive flats. A three-room flat has two bedrooms , which is about 1,000 sq ft. A four-room flat has three bedrooms which is about 1,200 sq ft of space. A five-room flat is about 1,400 sq ft. An Executive mansionette has three and they are relatively larger than any other public housing units- some even have double storey, with the rooms on the second level. The rest of the population live in private housing which include privately maintained apartments, condominiums and landed properties.(Housing in Singapore, n.d) 2.Do most people own or rent? 80% of the population live in public housing the most part of this own their own houses. 3.Do most people live in one-family dwellings or with other families? Most people do live in one- family dwellings and not with other families as 85% of the population believe in nuclear families. C.Clothing Singapore is the fasion capital of Asia and one of the mian attraction to sinsapore is the variety of clothing availablt there. It has clothing from the best designers from all over the world and orchad street in singapore is a 5 kilimeter streach of shopping on both sides. Singapore without saying goes hand in hand with fasion and shopping. 1.National dress Singapore because of its vast culture and ethnicity does not have a natioal dress but each culture has its own traditional dresses wich are- The Peranakan- who are the mixed race of chinese and malay- The Nyonya Kebayaà is the traditional dress The chinese- Cheongsam is the traditional dress for the women. The Indians- Sari is the traditional dress for women and Dothi Kurtha is the traditional dress for men. The Malay- The Baju Kurungis the traditional dress for women and The Baju Melayu is the traditional dress for men. (Deliatoh, 2011) 2. Types of clothing worn at work The normal clothing worn to work consists of trousers, long-sleeved shirts and ties for men and blouses, skirts or trousers for women. Because of the weather being hot and humid jackets are usually not required. Although Singapore is a liberal country, women should make sure they do not wear clothes that are too revealing. (Communicaid, 2009) D.Recreation, sports, and other leisure activities Recreation and leasiure activities play an important role in the busy lives of Singaporeans. Different groups are interested in different activities such as sports, adventure and water sports as Singapore has beautiful beaches or even shopping, parties and gambling. 1.Types available and in demand There are various ways singaporieans spend their time away from busy sceduels. The most popular are Motor racing, football, swimming, paragliding, scoobadiving, boatimg, gambling, sailing, surfing, camping, trecking, cycling and horse racing. (Adventure and Rcreation in Singapore, n.d) 2.Percentage of income spent on such activities E. Social security In Singapore instead of of a national social security there is Central Provident Fund. The Central provident fund is a compulsory savings scheme that was introduced in 1955 to help cover the cost of living for Singapore residents upon retirement / termination of employment. ( ExpatFocus.com, n.d) Money that is saved in the Ordinary Account of the CPF can be used to help pay for home ownership, education and investment. The Special Account is meant for old age and contingency purposes and to purchase retirement-related financial products. A portion of the CPF known as Medisave can also be used to help pay for hospital treatment and for medical insurance (known as MediShield). ( ExpatFocus.com, n.d) Every Singaporean and Singaporean Permanent resident should contribute to the CPF. Foreigners who are on a Work Pass are not required to contribute to CPF. However, when a foreigner takes up permanent residency in Singapore, the foreigner will be expected to contribute to the CPF scheme. Both the employer and the employee contribute to this fund in varying proportions. ( ExpatFocus.com, n.d) F.Health care The Singapore healthcare system comprises public and private healthcare, complemented by rising standards of living, housing, education, medical services, safe water supply and sanitation, and preventive medicine.Over the years, Ministry Of Health has followed the principle of ensuring that good and affordable basic medical services are available to all Singaporeans. MOH has been continuously fine-tuning the health care system to ensure that Singapore has developed its healthcare system into one that has received praise and recognition both locally and internationally.(Ministry of Health, 2012) VII. Language Singapore with its variety of cultures is a multilingual country. Its national language is Malay. English is the administrative language and the medium of instructions in school and the students choose one of their mother tongues either Malay Tamil or Chinese. (everyculture.com, n.d) A.Official language(s) The official languages of Singapore are Malay, english, Tami and chinese(Manadarin) (everyculture.com, n.d) B.Spoken versus written languages C. Dialects [insert text here] IX. Sources of information -photius.com (1999) Singapore geography, retrieved from http://www.photius.com/wfb1999/singapore/singapore_geography.html -Ministry of education(2012) Singapore: education system. Retrieved from http://www.moe.gov.sg/education/ -everyculture.com(.n.d) Culture of Singapore-Countries and Their Cultures retrieved from http://www.everyculture.com/Sa-Th/Singapore.html#b nationsencyclopedia.com (2007) Singapore overview, retrieved fromhttp://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Asia-and-Oceania/Singapore.html#b Singapore- Country Profine (2012) retrieved from http://www.indexmundi.com/singapore/ www.sg(2011) Who We Are , retrieved from http://app.www.sg/who/18/Government.aspx#ixzz28HNqHH4U National arts council (2012) arts forms, retrieved from http://www.nac.gov.sg/art-forms -10 Legends and Myths of Singapore (2012) retrieved from http://remembersingapore.wordpress.com/2012/06/29/singapore-legends-and-myths/ Health Statisticsà > Malnutrition prevalence, height for age > % of children under 5 (most recent) by country (n.d) retrived from http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/hea_mal_pre_hei_for_age_of_chi_und_5-height-age-children-under-5 -Housing in Singapore (n.d) retrieved from http://www.singaporeexpats.com/housing-in-singapore/housing-in-singapore.htm -Deliatoh (2011) The Traditional costumes of Singapore retrieved from http://comesingapore.com/travel-guide/article/546/traditional-costumes-of-singapore -Communicaid (2009) Doing business in Singapore retrieved from http://www.communicaid.com/access/pdf/library/culture/doing-business-in/Doing%20Business%20in%20Singapore.pdf -Asiaroom.com (n.d) Adventure and Recreation in Singapore retrieved from http://www.asiarooms.com/en/travel-guide/singapore/adventure-and-recreation-in-singapore/index.html -ExpatFocus.com(n.d) Singapore-Social Security Retrieved from http://www.expatfocus.com/expatriate-singapore-social-security -Ministry of Health (2012) our health care system retrieved from http://www.moh.gov.sg/content/moh_web/home/our_healthcare_system.html evelyngibson1983http://www.blogger.com/profile/17199271242191368000noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3467245234553703681.post-58746633680788529272020-01-18T15:56:00.001-08:002020-01-18T15:56:04.421-08:00Article Review of Leaderships Is a Conversation EssayBoris Groysberg is a Professor of Business Administration in the Organizational Behavior unit at the Harvard Business School. He currently teaches Managing Human Capital course in the second year elective course of the MBA program and in several Executive Education programs. Michael Slind is a writer, editor, and communication consultant of talk, inc: How Trusted Leaders Use Conversation to Power Their Organization (Harvard Business Review Press, 2012). As the phrase ââ¬Å"Leadership is a Conversationâ⬠implies, this article focuses on how leaders should communicate with their employees. In the new business world, smart leader engage with employees in a way that is similar to an ordinary person-to-person conversation. These can be easily achievable by using the model of leadership that the authors developed called ââ¬Å"organizational conversationâ⬠. There are four essential elements to this model; they are intimacy, interactivity, inclusion and intentionality. SUMMARY The authorââ¬â¢s premise in this article is that one-way directive communication is no more effective in todayââ¬â¢s business world and that it should be replaced by two ââ¬â way conversation. They then propose a new model of leadership that they developed which they call ââ¬Å"organizational conversationâ⬠. The benefits of using ââ¬Å"organizational conversationâ⬠are that it allows leaders to ââ¬Å"retain or recapture some of the qualities ââ¬â operational Flexibility, high levels of employee engagement, tight strategic alignment ââ¬â that enable start-ups to out-perform better established rivals. â⬠(pg. 78). The authors then go on to explain the four interrelated elements of ââ¬Å"organizational conversationâ⬠. The first element is intimacy. In this element the authors explained that leaders need to gain the trust of their employees. They then continue to say that mental and emotional closeness is all that is needed and one what to achieve it is to ââ¬Å"step down from their corporate perches and then step up to the challenge of communicating personally and transparently with people. â⬠(pg. 78). Then they explain the three ways to manifest intimacy, gain trust, listen well and get personal. The second element is interactivity. The authors begin by defining a conversation and by stating that in order to apply this element, leaders should communicate with employees in a more open and accepting way to promote a more ââ¬Å"open and fluidâ⬠dialogue between the two people. They also state that interacting with employees will strengthen the intimacy between employer and employees and one way to do so is by changing the channel of communication within an organization from a one sided channel like a broadcast to a two-way channel like a blog or ââ¬Å"TelePresenceâ⬠. The third element is inclusion. Here the authors explain that a conversation is an ââ¬Å"equal opportunity endeavorâ⬠because it allows employees to share ownership of the substance of the discussion. This gives employees the chance to put their hearts and souls into contributing their own ideas instead of just agreeing with others. They then explain the 3 new roles that committed employees can adopt once the spirit of inclusion is added into the company, which are brand ambassadors, thought leaders and story tellers. The final element is intentionality. While the first three elements concentrates on opening the flow of ideas, intentionality is focused on bringing the discussion to a single vision of what the discussion is for. The authors believe that this will help employees from all levels of the company hierarchy to gain a general understanding on where the company stands in its competitive environment. The authors then conclude the article by stating that the flow of conversation is out of control and that smart leaders learn how to use conversation to their benefit by managing the flow of information in an honest fashion. One-way communication has become an antique but people will listen to conversation that is intimate, interactive, inclusive and intentional. CRITUQUE In the article, Groysberg and Slind give several examples of how business communications are dealt with in our current world. However, some of the points raised are questionable. Such as that of Athenahealth where the company entrusts secret documents to all their workers and hence makes them all ââ¬Å"insidersâ⬠. This is worrying, as to deem all employees as responsible is a clear generalisation. They are sure to be several bad apples in any company, waiting to spill their company secrets to a competitor. Athenahealthââ¬â¢s idea requires a high level of trust which is not possibly attainable in a world where white collar crime is rampant. Practices like these might lead to companies losing revenue as ideas are stolen by other companies. Therefore, communications between the top brass and the employees should be amiable and open, but not to the extent where company secrets are divulged easily. In addition to that, the authors also cite examples of ways to broaden communications with employees such as the case of Cisco using its Tele-Presence product which enables people to have video conferences which are close to real conversations. The users are able to see eye to eye and are able to have almost life-like conversations through their computer. Another is the Kingfisher plc. , which held a ââ¬Å"bazaar of ideasâ⬠with the idea to link up several previously separate divisions. These ideas may be all well and good for industry giants such as Cisco and Kingfisher. But for smaller companies, which make up most of the bulk of business, these ideas are not feasible as they are too expensive. Ciscoââ¬â¢s Tele-Presence for instance, is US$21,600, which is a large amount of money, especially for a head of a small business or a upstart company. Kingfisherââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"bazaar of ideasâ⬠meanwhile, involved them renting a building in Barcelona, and one can only imagine how much that would cost , considering that Kingfisher made it a compulsory event for all their retail managers. Groysberg and Slind give good examples, but unfortunately , they are not suitable for all except those at the very crux of the business world However, the article also gives some positive points. Groysberg and Slind persuade managers to have personal conversations with their employees and not just bark instructions to them. This is a style of communication where managers not only give information to their workers but also they gather new knowledge and the views of their employees. This two-way communication style is a far cry from the older style of business communications where communications were only one-way, from top to bottom. When an employeeââ¬â¢s opinion on company policy is sought by their superiors, he is sure to feel wanted by the company. Concurrently, his job enthusiasm will also increase. As the saying goes, a happy employee is a productive employee. Gryosberg and Slind also talk about mental and emotional proximity being of vital importance in business conversation. The point conveyed is that as physical communication is not always feasible, with both employees and managers having too much to do in their hand, mental and emotional proximity, the key to build a bond between the two parties. These two elements are components of conversational intimacy. Conversational intimacy is the building of a relationship through conversation. It requires good body language and listening skills for a manager to achieve an intimate relationship with his underlings. The example in the article of the president and CEO of Duke Energy, James E. Rodgers, is a classic case in point. Rodgers created a grading system for employees to grade him. When he found out that employees commented negatively on his internal communications skills, Rodgers set out doing the exercise more often while improving himself at the same time. The number of those who still thought he did not improve gradually decreased. When employees saw him make an effort, they saw that Rodgers was trying to approach them, and his listening to their comments showed them that their opinion mattered. This created an intimate bond between them. Hence, other employers can use this method to help foster good relations between themselves and their employees CONCLUSION Generally, this article gives a good insight towards the how modern business communications should be conducted. evelyngibson1983http://www.blogger.com/profile/17199271242191368000noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3467245234553703681.post-38049076926004242052020-01-10T12:20:00.001-08:002020-01-10T12:20:02.817-08:00Optimizing Pilot Planning and Training for Continental AirlinesOptimizing Pilot Planning and Training for Continental Airlines Summary Continental Airlines is the fifth largest airline based on passenger volume in United States. It provides over 1,100 daily flight services to five continents. Effective manpower planning is a key component for the success of Continental Airlines. It is essential for Airline Company to adjust its need for pilots constantly in different position in response to new market opportunities, changing passenger demand, acquisition and retirement of aircraft and training resources and evolving economic conditions.Therefore, the company collected information from several separate database systems and built the training plans by using spreadsheet. However, this development method was time consuming and complicated and the database used was not capable for training plan as it was used for more 10 years. In order for solving the complicated, large-scale pilot planning and training program and increasing the competitive advanta ge in air transportation market, Continental Airlines replaced the old database system and spreadsheets by the Crew Resource-Solver integrated decision-support system.It includes four main modules to handle staffing, vacation, planning and training. The staff-administration module and vacation-administration module maintain crew records including all current and past assignments, absences and training while the planning-optimization module and training optimization module provides information of pilot-planning and training functions (Yu, Pachon, Thengvall, Chandler and Wilson 2004). Generally, Continental Airlines uses system bid award to determine the needs of staff changing to different positions and handle the pilotsââ¬â¢ requests to change positions.It mainly uses seniority-based rules for decision making. In an average system bid award, 15 to 20 percent of the airlineââ¬â¢s pilots receive new positions. As long with system bid award, the Crew Resource-Solver system can bu ild the training program that establishes the timing of training, advancements, releases, and new pilot hires. The Crew Resource-Solver system includes two phase to solve the pilot training problem. The pilot-transitioning phase determines the timing of pilot transitions by using limited information about training capacities to restrict the number of pilots assigned to training.The training-class-scheduling phase produces the detailed training schedule taking as input the solution from the pilot transitioning phase. As a result, the training program contains a set of detailed training schedules including all training events for each student and each training resource. The training program must satisfy all the constraints set by Continental Airlines such as pilots training will not be assigned during their vacations and other scheduled absences. Planners are able to use system to customize the training plans by changing the objectives and options (Verbeek 1991).Analysis The main obje ctives of the Crew Resource-Solver system are: 1. The improvement of the efficiency of the training programs 2. The forecast of future airline pilotsââ¬â¢ needs 3. The maximization of the cost savings There are a number of advantages in using the Crew-Resource Solver system. First, the system improves the airlineââ¬â¢s processes by enhancing information sharing within the organization and by simplifying system maintenance. Second, the system enhances data integrity by eliminating duplicate data storage and automating processes.Third, the system saves time compared to the old manual approach as it can produce a complete, optimized training plan that includes both the pilot transitions and the training class schedules within an hour (Yu et al 2004). Moreover, the system increases the flexibility of the training program as it is able to customize by adjusting objectives and setting options. The Crew-Resource Solver system provides an optimal set of components that can satisfy all training program requirements. However, there are several limitations to the Crew-Resource Solver system.First, the training program constraint is based on the traditional training plan which highlights the inherent weakness of any optimization model as it relies upon sound data for accurate outputs (Sarker 2008, p. 5). Second, the potential sources of savings vary depending on different system bids. It is the fact that a bid will have no cost components associated with those activities when it is no required on new hires and pilot releases. Third, even using the system, there is a trade-off between block-hour shortages and other costs on the training plans.Therefore, when block-hour shortages cost increases, the training cost will decrease, vice versa. It is unable to decrease both block-hour shortages cost and training costs together. Finally, the final decision of the training program is not automated and requires management to select the best option for each training program. R esult The Crew Resource-Solver system is an important investment of Continental Airlines to upgrade the management of manpower-planning needs by resource optimization and operation and financial performance improvement.Based on the evidence given in the article, the Crew-Resource Solver integrated decision-support system is a successful program for Continental Airlines to achieve its above objectives. First, there are three ways for the cost savings. Training classesââ¬â¢ schedules become more efficiently and the number of pilots sending to training decrease. Second, there is reduction in pay-protection costs as promoting pilots in new positions in seniority order.Third, it reduces payroll costs because the system can provide the optimized training plans which can use exiting pilots more efficiently and reduce the chances to hire new pilots. In fact, many recommendations derived from the Crew Resource-Solver integrated decision-support system have already been applied and have he lped Continental Airlines to save approximately $10 million each year. Second, the integrated system have focused process improvement and improved data integrity, and it is easier to maintain than the numerous legacy systems and spreadsheet application it replaced (Yu et al 2004).References Sarker, R & Newton, C 2008, Optimization Modelling: A Practical Approach, CRC Press, Florida. Verbeek, P. (1991) Decision support systems ââ¬â An Application in strategic manpower planning of airline pilots. Eur. J. Oper. Res. (55)3, 368-381 Yu, G. , Pachon, J. , Thengvall, B. , Chandler, D. & Wilson, A. (2004) Optimizing Pilot Planning and Training for Continental Airlines. Interfaces, Vol. 34, No. 4, July-August, p. 253-264 evelyngibson1983http://www.blogger.com/profile/17199271242191368000noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3467245234553703681.post-53941968962838118582020-01-02T08:43:00.001-08:002020-01-02T08:43:03.397-08:00Perspectives on Assessment of Pedagogical Practices Free Essay Example, 3750 words Keeping swiftness with the progress of the age, computers and additional tools of communication have progressively established their place within the walls of enlightening institutions. The manifestation of technological speculates and their exercise in the field of education, though, can not mechanically be looked upon as pedagogical innovation. Is it at all probable to describe the expression, and if so, how? Education researchers are inquisitive about the response to this question when they evaluated the function of Information Technology in the ground-breaking pedagogical practice of different countries. Previous to assessing knowledge and opinions in association with ground-breaking pedagogical practice, it is worth investigative how the educational system of the culture is making the changeover to single based information. The altering roles of schools, students and parents in the course of education are vibrantly demonstrated by researchers in the following chart. One of the main outstanding alterations in the life of schools is the break to unreservedly contact information. The first-class paradigm of such proposal taking place is the occurrence of incessantly modernized homepages in schools that have internet connections. We will write a custom essay sample on Perspectives on Assessment of Pedagogical Practices or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page Making contact with between parents and public education has to undergo a noteworthy revolution. evelyngibson1983http://www.blogger.com/profile/17199271242191368000noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3467245234553703681.post-21989420539158983342019-12-25T05:10:00.001-08:002019-12-25T05:10:03.884-08:00Being Mortal By Atul Gawande - 1329 Words In Being Mortal, Atul Gawande painted a little depressing picture of the realities faced by the elderly in the US nowadays: declining health status, economic insecurity, and loss of independence. It seems once the older people move into nursing homes or assisted living facilities, they lose autonomy, dignity and privacy as the institutions are not able to fully individualize care. Even though the situation has been improving, it still shocks me to see how unhappy some of the elderly are in these circumstances. Realizing senior care facilities often fail to address all aspects of well-being, I would like to explore the issues of promoting both objective and subjective component in quality of care for the older people. This paper examines the quality of care received by the elderly with an emphasis on measurements for care, recommending additional tools to be adopted to measure the overall well-being for the elderly in order to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the quality of care for those living in senior care facilities. The fact that the American population is aging has raised concerns. In 2011, the number of adults over the age of 65 reached 41.4 million, which account for 13.3% of the population (A Profile of Older Americans: 2012, 2012). It is estimated that there will be about 71 million older adults by 2030 (Healthy Aging-Improving and Extending Quality of Life among Older Americans, 2009). Approximately 2.1 million elderly are currently living inShow MoreRelatedBeing Mortal By Atul Gawande1587 Words à |à 7 Pages Part One: In the documentary Being Mortal by Atul Gawande talks about the death of patients and how it s a surprise to a large amount of the patients. He also explains the fear in the medical field, and as a doctor your suppose to help people and cure them, that you re supposed to give them a better shot and if it later doesn t go they way you expected,the doctors start to tell themselves what went wrong or what happen everything was going so well. Gawande talks about how he wants to learnRead MoreAnalysis Of Atul Gawande s Being Mortal1211 Words à |à 5 Pagesthe prospect of death with patients. 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On a visit to Lou Sanders, Gawande asked, ââ¬Å"What makes life worth living to you?â⬠and Lou hesitated before answering, ââ¬Å"I have moments when I would say I think itââ¬â¢s time, maybe one of the days when I was at a low pointâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ As people nearRead MoreReview Of Atul Gawande s The New York Times Bestseller Being Mortal2112 Words à |à 9 PagesIn the New York Times bestseller Being Mortal, surgeon and author Atul Gawande tackles just what may be the most difficult challenge of his profession, learning how to handle the ââ¬Ëend-of-life process.ââ¬â¢ Throughout his book, he recites the stories of several individuals, in which the trajectory from a state of independence to one of death can easily be traced in each. Although Gawande does acknowledge that death is inevitable, he emphasizes that individuals of society, especially those that work inRead MoreDeath : How The P erspective Of People Changes When They Are On The Edge Of Life1173 Words à |à 5 Pageshumanââ¬â¢s life. When confronting the death, passively or actively, people usually have a different viewpoint from before and that assertion is proved in Being Mortal: Medicine and What Matters in the End by Atul Gawande, Wit by Margaret Edson and the last pages of The Stitches by David Small. On Being Mortal: Medicine and What Matters in the End by Atul Gawande, the author tells a story of Jewel Douglass, who gets a metastatic ovarian cancer. The doctors mention a lot of methods to cure her disease; howeverRead MoreBeing A Practicing Surgeon, Atul Gawande Essay1699 Words à |à 7 PagesBeing a practicing surgeon, Atul Gawande approaches the dilemma of aging from a unique perspective. The study and implementation of traditional medical practices, he suggests, contributes to a problem solving, solution-based approached to over coming the hurdles of old age. The medical field, he says, puts the entirety of its focus on fixing the concrete problems that patients come into the emergency room with, instead of focusing on the best overall solution to satisfy the patients primary desiresRead MoreBeing Mortal : Medicine And What Matters753 Words à |à 4 PagesAtul Gawandeââ¬â¢s book Being Mortal: Medicine and What Matters in the End presses on an extremely difficult subject: death. Gawande talks about the need to confront death and not ignore it by taking steps in having a meaningful and satisfying end. Readers say that Gawande does demand a lot from people and the book is eye opening but it does not have a guide to having a better end in life. I agree that Gawande is demanding a lot but people still to listen to him but I think Gawande does give a guideRead MoreThe Hippocratic Oath, By Atul Gawande1344 Words à |à 6 Pagespatientââ¬â¢s stories. Rita Charon in her article ââ¬Å"What to do with Stories? The sciences of Narrative Medicine,â⬠explores narrative writing and how to use it as a tool in healing patients. While Charon focuses on the writing of these stories, Atul Gawandeââ¬â¢s book Being Mortal reflects on how to make more meaningful endings out of the stories of patients who are on the brink of death. Medicine is for the health of thriving communities achieved through doctorsââ¬â¢ success in devotion, close understanding, and treatingRead MoreThe Death Of Death1218 Words à |à 5 Pagescomfortable conversation to have with others but death is common especially among the elderly population. Atul Gawande in Being Mortal talks about how death takes many people by surprise and the descriptions of aging and dying. All the while living better through the understanding of death. The author is trying to express that even those in the medical field struggle with death and not ensuring the well-being of the patients that are coming in. He emphasis the idea of the elderly feeling ââ¬Å"comfortableâ⬠inRead MoreBeing Mortal By Sheri Fink1211 Words à |à 5 PagesIn Being Mortal, Atul Gawande brings to revelation something we as humans know that will happen but in reality never really want to face: we are mortal and death will not escape us. Throughout the book, Gawande navigates the reader through a series of obstacles and choices faced to make when the ill and old have hit the stage of life when death is near. The New York Times reviewer Sheri Fink writes, ââ¬Å"Being Mortal is a valuable contribution to the growing literature on aging, death and dying.â⬠This evelyngibson1983http://www.blogger.com/profile/17199271242191368000noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3467245234553703681.post-86159118177597028442019-12-17T01:00:00.001-08:002019-12-17T01:00:02.564-08:00The s Manifestation Of Evil By Bram Stoker - 2006 Words Throughout the world, humans in various cultures have shared well-known myths and legends that are passed down from generations. These oral folklores are often quite entertaining, but they also recount a history of origin or culture. For example, some of these story-like legends can be linked to actual mysterious events that have taken place in a specific time period or a certain place and therefore can be quite realistic. Dracula, a well-known ââ¬Å"real-life legendâ⬠, is preferably one of the more dark and gothic novels in literature that primarily focuses its attention on the fears and horrors of the audience. Bram Stokerââ¬â¢s manifestation of evil was written in the Victorian era and is full of latent content about the roles of men and women inâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Dracula may be blood-curdling but he is not that frightening, to say the least. Just as Jonathan Harker (a lawyer) entered the barren castle in the outskirts of Transylvania, a strange but unique loo king man answered the door, and here are Harkerââ¬â¢s thoughts: ââ¬Å"Within stood a tall old man, clean shaven save for a long white moustache, and clad in black from head to foot, without a single speck of colour about him anywhereâ⬠(Stoker 20). As one can see, Stoker really is trying to emphasize his notion of vampire qualities. Once again, Jonathan recollects his thoughts saying: His face was a strong ââ¬â a very strong ââ¬â aquiline, with high bridge of the thin nose and peculiarly arched nostrils; with lofty domed forehead, and hair growing scantily round the temple but profusely elsewhere. His eyebrows were very massive, almost meeting over the nose, and with bushy hair that seemed to curl in its own profusion. The mouth, so far as I could see under the heavy moustache, was fixed and rather cruel-looking, with peculiarly sharp white teeth; these protruded over the lips, whose remarkable ruddiness showed astonishing vitality in a man of his years. For the rest, his ears were pale and at the tops were extremely pointed; the chin was broad and strong, and the cheeks firm though thin. The general effect was one of extraordinary pallor. (22-23) After reading this, going back to what one would visualize when someone says the word ââ¬Å"vampireâ⬠, this man is evelyngibson1983http://www.blogger.com/profile/17199271242191368000noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3467245234553703681.post-89354520471459742082019-12-08T21:41:00.001-08:002019-12-08T21:41:03.885-08:00Free Persuasives Media Bias in the Stem Cel Essay Example For Students Free Persuasives: Media Bias in the Stem Cel Essay l Debate stem argumentative persuasive Media Bias in the Stem Cell Debate One Source Cited In June of last year Newsweek Magazine presented on its cover an obvious example of partiality and bias in its presentation of the stem cell debate. ) Its perfectly fair and reasonable for Newsweek to use the image. We would note only that it is unimaginable that Newsweek would use an image that loaded in the opposite direction. A story on abortion would be much more likely to be illustrated with a coat-hanger than a sonogram of a five-month-old fetus. (Let alone a dismembered fetus. ) The stories inside the magazine are exactly what youd expect, given the cover. Proponents of stem-cell research get to make their case at length. Opponents are quoted too: They get exactly two words (eleven letters) in. And that quote is immediately rebutted, unlike any of the pro-research quotes. Heres how the piece concludes: Not funding stem-cell research would amount to squelching what is, more than anything, a quest for knowledge. We simply dont know how embryonic cells might help people who are suffering and dying today. By banning the research, we uphold the most extreme view of the sanctity of life, but at a price: foreclosing the possibility of doing all we can to improve the lot of the living. Set aside that bit about extremism. Any research, including research on humans that most people would find objectionable, can legitimately be described as a quest for knowledge. And the reference to the living skates right by the actual subject of the dispute-whether the embryos are in fact living human beings. (Theyre not dead, and theyre not inanimate.) Next come three pages on the politics of the research from Evan Thomas and Eleanor Clift. Subhead: The president is trapped between religion and science over stem cells. Heres a flavor of what the article is like: Pure politics helps explain why the White House has long been expected to ban federal funding for research on stem cells extracted from human embryos. . . . And yet Bush is clearly discovering that the politics and ethics of stem-cell research are more complicated than a simple no from the federal government. By a 3-1 margin, the public wants to go forward with research that has the potential to provide magical cures for a host of neurological and other diseases. The article concludes with some helpful suggestions on how President Bush can betray stem-cell opponents without suffering too much political damage. Finally, a note of fairness: The magazines religion correspondent, Kenneth Woodward, has a short piece on the ethics of stem-cell research that doesnt have a conclusion to pound us over the head with. WORKS CITED: Newsweek. http://www.msnbc.com/news/NW-front_Front.asp evelyngibson1983http://www.blogger.com/profile/17199271242191368000noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3467245234553703681.post-48441766362811131882019-12-01T09:23:00.001-08:002019-12-01T09:23:04.784-08:00The Ritz The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company takes the leading position in the world hotel industry, and it is the most successful competitor within the market. The progress of the company depends on following the definite strategy and principles developed to satisfy the needs of customers and to respond to the employeesââ¬â¢ expectations.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Thus, the accents are made on the orientation toward customers and their individual and specific needs, on providing the service of the highest quality, on the successful human resources management, and on the effective leadership. In their Application Summary of 1999, the company stated the basic principles according to which the development strategies are worked out. Thus, there are Ritz-Carlton Gold Standards which include the companyââ¬â¢s credo, motto, three steps of service, and ââ¬Å "Ritz-Carlton Basicsâ⬠in which the standards of service are provided in detail (Application Summary, 1999). The strict dependence on these standards makes the company be one of the most successful hotels in the world which characteristic feature is the excellent quality of service. According to the standards, the employees should create the positive atmosphere which is comfortable for guests and fulfill all the customersââ¬â¢ wishes (Application Summary, 1999). Professionalism as the basic characteristic of the staff is reflected in the companyââ¬â¢s motto which is ââ¬Å"We are Ladies and Gentlemen serving Ladies and Gentlemenâ⬠(Application Summary, 1999). The employeesââ¬â¢ professionalism should be felt in each action that is why much attention is paid to the etiquette, staffââ¬â¢s responsibility, positive communication, and expressing respect and dignity. Moreover, it is accentuated in the case study on the companyââ¬â¢s development that the company ha s the low employee turnover rate, and the good reputation depends on ââ¬Å"a comprehensive employee screening process, significant employee orientation and ongoing training, and a high level of respect and trust in staff that leads to employee empowermentâ⬠(The Ritz-Carlton mystique, 2008). It is important to note that the companyââ¬â¢s annual turnover rate is lower than 20%, and these numbers can be discussed as minor for the hotel industry round the world (Sucher McManus, 2005). Thus, the mentioned basics guarantee the companyââ¬â¢s ongoing success within the market.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The quality of service is based on the training programs provided for employees. Sucher and McManus state that the recruitment process in the company is the developed strategy during which HR managers examine the candidatesââ¬â¢ abilities and provide the necessa ry training to perform the functions successfully (Sucher McManus, 2005). The process of recruitment is known in the company as the Quality Selection Process. This process ââ¬Å"includes a series of interviews that help to establish a behavioral profileâ⬠(The Ritz-Carlton mystique, 2008). The process is important in order to choose the persons who fit the position better. The next stage of the recruitment process is the orientation of the employees to the companyââ¬â¢s standards and values. All the employees should receive the training certificate after completing the training program. To provide the excellent service, it is necessary to realize the annual training certification (Application Summary, 1999). Furthermore, it is necessary not only to concentrate on the customersââ¬â¢ needs but also motivate employees to perform better. The managers organize the work of employees with references to the employeesââ¬â¢ rights, reward and recognition, and performance appra isal strategies. Moreover, the possibilities for the career progression are accentuated in the company. One of the most effective methods to stimulate and motivate the employees is the emphasis on the fact that ââ¬Å"employees are also empowered to solve problems and make decisions that will result in extraordinary customer serviceâ⬠(The Ritz-Carlton mystique, 2008). The employees are expected to provide the service of the highest level, and the assessment is realized according to the customersââ¬â¢ focused results. The important aspects are the individual customerââ¬â¢s satisfaction and constructive feedback (Application Summary, 1999). Furthermore, the leaders pay much attention to the organization of the human resources management as the significant aspect in providing the qualitative service. However, the Ritz-Carlton Hotelsââ¬â¢ reputation depends not only on the quality of the service but also on the effective leadership. Any strategies which are developed and implemented in the company are worked out according to the definite outline. Thus, the first stage is the development of the approach plan in which the goals and operations are stated. The next stage can be discussed as the deployment ââ¬Å"doâ⬠during which the certain strategy is realized according to the fixed points. The leaders and managers focus on the stage when it is possible to check the effectiveness of the results and make conclusions about the further realization of the similar plans. To guarantee the highest results during the realization of the next section or plan, it is important to pay much attention to the improvement actions (Application Summary, 1999).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The success and reputation of the Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company significantly depends on the developed standards of service quality, on the highl y-trained personnel, on the effective work of the human resources managers, on the orientation both to the customers and employees, and on the effective leadership strategies. References Application Summary: The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company. (1999). Web. Sucher, S. J., McManus, S. E. (2005). The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company. Web. The Ritz-Carlton mystique: Professionalism, high expectations. (2008). Web. This essay on The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company was written and submitted by user Nadia C. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. evelyngibson1983http://www.blogger.com/profile/17199271242191368000noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3467245234553703681.post-65328818536770948792019-11-26T14:55:00.001-08:002019-11-26T14:55:04.277-08:00Why Oppose Healthy Living essaysWhy Oppose Healthy Living essays The United States is known worldwide for many reasons; one of which is our focus on health, and everything related. Our nations mindset has developed us into addicts focused on everything healthy. Diets and techniques for the best workout flood the airwaves and stream into our homes like a raging river. We the fanatics feel that everything affects our health. Aches and pains are never overlooked, if we get a headache a hospital visit may be necessary. This may be extreme however, it is not detrimental; many lives every day are saved because these small manageable things are looked into with vigor by the general population. Many people are so interested with health and the need for it in America for this simple reason. America is nearly the unhealthiest country on the face of the earth. We have good reason to be worried about all the obscene problems. America is obviously not unhealthy because of poor doctors or health care. However, most of America is unhealthy because of the demand for fast food, cheap cigarettes, and bars down every side street. America is unhealthy because we over indulge in the luxuries given to us because of our global strength and strong economy. One of these luxuries may be our strong health care system but we have reasons to be worried. When dealing with the one object we cannot replace, should we be careless with it. Every day checking into those small aches and pains that appear to be nothing, these actions save lives. Sometimes those small pains could have been the beginning to cancer, hepatitis or many other terminal illnesses. However these illnesses can be treated with their early detection. We as a nation are so involved with our health because of all the problems that are related with it. People would rather have a worry free life than be constantly plagued with the idea that they may be dying for whatever reason. This is because sickness affects everyone at some time or an... evelyngibson1983http://www.blogger.com/profile/17199271242191368000noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3467245234553703681.post-91291270187595880252019-11-22T22:18:00.001-08:002019-11-22T22:18:04.291-08:00How Saskatchewan Got Its NameHow Saskatchewan Got Its Name The province of Saskatchewan is one of the 10 provinces and three territories that make up Canada. Saskatchewan is one of three prairie provinces in Canada. The name for the province of Saskatchewan comes from the Saskatchewan River, so named by the indigenous Cree people, who called the river the Kisiskatchewani Sipi, meaning the swiftly flowing river. The Province Shares a Border to the South With the U.S. Saskatchewan shares a border to the south with the U.S. states of Montana and North Dakota. The province is entirely landlocked. Residents primarily live in the southern prairie half of the province, while the northern half is mostly forested and sparsely populated. Of the total population of 1 million, roughly half live in the provinces largest city, Saskatoon, or in the capital city of Regina. Origin of the Province On September 1, 1905, Saskatchewan became a province, with inauguration day held September 4. The Dominion Lands Act permitted settlers to acquire one-quarter of a square mile of land to homestead and offered an additional quarter upon establishing a homestead. Inhabited by Indigenous People Prior to its establishment as a province, Saskatchewan had been inhabited by various indigenous peoples of North America, including the Cree, Lakota, and Sioux. The first known non-indigenous person to enter Saskatchewan was Henry Kelsey in 1690, who traveled up the Saskatchewan River to trade fur with the indigenous people. The first permanent European settlement was aà Hudsons Bay Companyà post atà Cumberland House, founded in 1774, as an important fur trading depot. Ceded to the United Kingdom in 1818 In 1803 the Louisiana Purchase transferred from France to the United States part of what is now Alberta and Saskatchewan. In 1818 it was ceded to the United Kingdom. Most of what is now Saskatchewan was part of Ruperts Land and controlled by the Hudsons Bay Company, which claimed rights to all watersheds flowing into Hudson Bay, including the Saskatchewan River. evelyngibson1983http://www.blogger.com/profile/17199271242191368000noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3467245234553703681.post-38545042121875213292019-11-21T03:25:00.001-08:002019-11-21T03:25:04.480-08:00Explain how Descartes represents a new philosophical beginning EssayExplain how Descartes represents a new philosophical beginning - Essay Example In mathematics, we encounter absolute certainty, according to Descartes.â⬠(Kitcher, 2006, p. 482) His search for this absolute certainty in the field of philosophy begins with a radical rejection of all beliefs, perceptions and assumptions and a completely blank page on which he attempts to build up a new logical train of thought. This paper considers the steps that Descartes takes to distance himself from traditional ways of thinking and the nature of his radical new approach. The starting point that Descartes chooses is in keeping with the religious conventions of the time, since he addresses his work to ââ¬Å"those Most Wise and Distinguished men, the Deans and Doctors of the Faculty of Sacred Theology of Parisâ⬠(Descartes, p. 484) and he quotes the Bible and the Lateran Council of 1512-1517 to show that he is familiar with matters of the faith. His use of radical scepticism is presented as different approach to both physical and metaphysical problems and he implies t hat his intention is to follow a path of discovery which will be different from, but not contradictory to, articles of faith which are taught by the established Christian Church. Since the turn of the seventeenth century the Medieval mind-set of the Church had been badly shaken, first by the reformation and consequent debates and schisms across Europe, and secondly by a whole host of scientific discoveries that raised interesting questions about manââ¬â¢s place in the universe. Nowadays we call this major shift in world view ââ¬Å"the Enlightenment.â⬠In the first section of his treatise Descartes applies his radical scepticism to religion and science alike, suspending all that he has been taught, and coming down to the fundamental observation that the human being is made of two separate substances: the mind, which is immaterial and capable of thinking, and the body, which is corporal and capable of using the physical senses to apprehend and interact with the world. He cons iders how unreliable the senses are, and concludes that the only thing that he is absolutely certain of, is the fact that he is thinking with his mind. Body, senses and everything else are laid to one side and he concentrates on this thinking part of himself. In the second section he formulates his most famous saying ââ¬Å"cogito ergo sum: I think, therefore I amâ⬠(Descartes, p. 492) which shows that existence is derived from thinking, and not from anything outside the self that is thinking. This is a big departure from the teachings of the Church, which had traditionally placed itself in the role of teacher and authority on all matters. Thanks to the reformation there was a much greater focus on the individual, and Descartes latches on to this to stress both the mental activity that human beings are capable of, but also the fact that we are self-aware when we are engaged in this activity. All that exists around that thinking self is an illusion, and the only absolutely certa in thing is the individual and his ability to understand and to reason. The third section elaborates this point: ââ¬Å"I am a thing that thinks, that is to say a thing that doubts, affirms, denies, understands a few things, is ignorant of many things, refrains from willing, and also imagines and senses.â⬠evelyngibson1983http://www.blogger.com/profile/17199271242191368000noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3467245234553703681.post-70855288403092908572019-11-19T13:10:00.001-08:002019-11-19T13:10:03.663-08:00Age Discrimination in a site based Workplace Literature reviewAge Discrimination in a site based Workplace - Literature review Example nal Statistics (2008), there is an increasing trend in the number of workers aged above 50 years in the construction industry, and this number is likely to account for 30% of the total working population in this industry by the year 2020. Maurer & Rafuse (2001) observe that age has had a significant impact on the chances of people aged more than 55 years seeking employment in the UK. Most of the construction companies presume that younger and energetic people have a greater capacity to accomplish tasks and bring in new knowledge in the industry (Bendick et al. 2001). Nevertheless, it is important to note that the aging generation has significant experience to contribute to the industry. Martin et al. (2003) argues that to avoid age discrimination in the construction industry, the thought of where and how to advertise is important to ensure that different age groups are reached. Sometimes the aged are discouraged from seeking employment due to the use of advertisement language such as ââ¬Å"recent graduateâ⬠which disregards the experienced labour force. On the other hand, some advertisements suppress the hopes of the younger energetic labour force through the use of words such as ââ¬Å"matureâ⬠or ââ¬Å"15 years experienceâ⬠and many other words that discriminate applicants on the basis of age (Office of National Statistics 2008). Even though some tasks may require experience, some employers in the construction industry are not specific with regard to the jobââ¬â¢s requirements. Martin et al. (2003) observes that different age groups can be offered equal opportunity if the experience needed is substitutable with equivalent qualifications. This allows the experienced older members in the labor force to match their younger qualified counterparts in applying for the job. Maurer & Rafuse (2001) argue that age is usually not a good sign of great potential among workers. Studies have proved that different people in different age groups have strong characteristics that are evelyngibson1983http://www.blogger.com/profile/17199271242191368000noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3467245234553703681.post-35646736056071406842019-11-17T01:41:00.001-08:002019-11-17T01:41:08.035-08:00Innovation Definition Essay Example for Free Innovation Definition Essay Innovation is about bringing ideas into life. Innovation is linked to performance and growth through improvements in efficiency, productivity, quality, competitive positioning and market share. Innovation takes place at different levels from modest improvements on an existing product or process to dramatic and even historically significant breakthroughs in how we relate to the world. In all cases, the capacity to innovate will be a function of our commitments, what we want to accomplish and our relationship with the circumstances we perceive we are in. If we are resisting or coping, we see no innovation and whatever change we generate will be as a reaction to the circumstances and part of the process by which those circumstances persist. When we are responding or choosing we are in a position to innovate and will do so naturally and consistently as a function of what we observe to be possible or what we observe is missing in our perspective of the world.Change based on this view is likely to be an improvement on what already exists. INNOVATION AND PERFORMANCE A successful organisation that turns its focus to innovation is looking for achievements. Innovation shows up in the quality and quantity of ideas and the efficiency and effectiveness of implementation of those ideas. These two parameters are independent, however, when combined they form the definition of innovation performance. IMPORTANCE Innovation is not only about technology, but is also about understanding and exploring untapped user needs that require to be addressed in an efficient manner. It must occur at every stage of a product or solution development and release cycle. Thus, managing innovation is fast becoming priority in a global business environment. Firms which innovate tends to survive and grow to a greater extent. The most successful individuals, managers and team leaders in latest business world are the ones who are not only innovative in their own work, but who encourage and assist others to be innovative in every aspect of their work. Some of the key innovation areas are: product development and improvement; manufacturing processes; creating entirely new set of products; etc. In area of supply chain management, innovations help in making the supply chain more responsive, flexible and efficient. Supply chain innovation can be used to reduce costs, offer better assortment of customer centric products, decreasing time to market and driving growth. INNOVATION SYSTEM The concept of the innovation system stresses that the flow of technology and information among people, enterprises and institutions is key to an innovative process. It contains the interaction between the actors who are needed in order to turn an idea into a process, product or service on the market. Systems of Innovation are frameworks for understanding innovation which have become popular particularly among policy makers and innovation researchers first in Europe, but now anywhere in the world as in the 90s the World Bank and other UN affiliated institutions accepted. BENEFITS OF INNOVATION Technology has a vital role to play in any modern workplace and can make a huge difference to the way your business operates, and how well your staff carry out their tasks. These days, an online presence is also expected by customers and therefore is an essential component for businesses. In order to understand whether a new technology could help your business, you should review the technology you are presently using and assess how well existing systems work with your current and future business requirements. INNOVATION TYPES A number of frameworks have been used to look at types of innovation. Generally these approaches for categorizing innovation consider the sources of innovation from past successes or attempt to identify where to look for new innovation in the future. The variety of innovation types demonstrates that the benefits of innovation are not limited to new product development. Categorization also helps in the measurement of innovation, allowing for performance comparison and evidence based choices that can guide where improvements or advances might generate the most return for a given investment. This is sometimes referred to as the Return On Innovation. The ââ¬Ë4Psââ¬â¢ model developed by John Bessant and Joe Tidd provide a powerful tool for such analysis. It builds on the hypothesis that successful innovation is essentially about positive change, and puts forward four broad categories where such change can take place. Product innovationââ¬â¢ ââ¬â changes in the things (products/services) which an organisation offers. Process innovationââ¬â¢ ââ¬â changes in the ways in which products and services are created or delivered Position innovationââ¬â¢ ââ¬â changes in the context in which the products/services are framed and communicated Paradigm innovationââ¬â¢ ââ¬â changes in the underlying mental models which shape what the organisation does. evelyngibson1983http://www.blogger.com/profile/17199271242191368000noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3467245234553703681.post-43093042872729219202019-11-14T14:13:00.001-08:002019-11-14T14:13:03.472-08:00Fluids And Hydration :: essays research papers How important are fluids? Fluid replacement is probably the most important nutritional concern for athletes. Approximately 60% of your body weight is water. As you exercise, fluid is lost through your skin as sweat and through your lungs when you breathe. If this fluid is not replaced at regular intervals during exercise, you can become dehydrated. When you are dehydrated, you have a smaller volume of blood circulating through your body. Consequently, the amount of blood your heart pumps with each beat decreases and your exercising muscles do not receive enough oxygen from your blood. Soon exhaustion sets in and your athletic performance suffers. If you have lost as little as 2% of your body weight due to dehydration, it can adversely affect your athletic performance. For example, if you are a 150-pound athlete and you lose 3 pounds during a workout, your performance will start to suffer unless you replace the fluid you have lost. Proper fluid replacement is the key to preventing dehydration and reducing the risk of heat injury during training and competition. How can I prevent dehydration? The best way to prevent dehydration is to maintain body fluid levels by drinking plenty of fluids before, during, and after a workout or race. Often athletes are not aware that they are losing body fluid or that their performance is being impacted by dehydration. If you are not sure how much fluid to drink, you can monitor your hydration using one of these methods. 1.Weight: Weigh yourself before practice and again after practice. For every pound you lose during the workout you will need to drink 2 cups of fluid to rehydrate your body. 2.Urine color: Check the color of your urine. If it is a dark gold color like apple juice, you are dehydrated. If you are well hydrated, the color of your urine will look like pale lemonade. Thirst is not an accurate indicator of how much fluid you have lost. If you wait until you are thirsty to replenish body fluids, then you are already dehydrated. Most people do not become thirsty until they have lost more than 2% of their body weight. And if you only drink enough to quench your thirst, you may still be dehydrated. Keep a water bottle available when working out and drink as often as you want, ideally every 15 to 30 minutes. High school and junior high school athletes can bring a water bottle to school and drink between classes and during breaks so they show up at workouts hydrated. What about sport drinks? Researchers have found that sports drinks containing between 6% evelyngibson1983http://www.blogger.com/profile/17199271242191368000noreply@blogger.com0