From Spiritual Leader to English Milk Maid: Colonialism and Maasai Women :: Essays Papers

From Spiritual Leader to English Milk Maid: Colonialism and Maasai Women Before Western burden of the country state, Maasai people kept up covering places of intensity and social distinction among fluctuating age gatherings. For quite a long time, there was no unmistakable, gendered qualification between the local and people in general/political spaces, or among social, monetary and political exercises (36). However with the new provincial boundaries of male Maasai power conceive from Western social frameworks, the Maasai grasped new methods of control and authority, turning out to be something that may be classified male centric (16). In this new pastoralist framework, ethnic changes were dismissed, free enterprise benefit drove outside local relations and Maasai ladies lost the spot of respect and authority inside Maasai originations of being Maasai. Before frontier contact, wedded ladies were essentially more persuasive than generally assumed. As far as riches and economy, wedded ladies kept her very own sizeable harvest steers with elite rights to milk and results of her crowd and kept up joins with neighboring agrarian gatherings, exchanging surplus milk, covers up, smallstock and even jackasses for the required grain and food stuffs (30). Ladies customarily made a trip to business sectors and exchanging settlements, visited companions and family members at neighboring properties (27) and were allowed to take darlings preceding and after marriage, inasmuch as customary family obligations were not dismissed (31). Besides, ladies had the option to campaign legal procedures and intervene connections among Maasai and God, along these lines communicating moral position and force (33). In any case, starting in 1890, Western imperialism reshaped the Maasai's impression of who they ought to be. In spite of the fact that the German expansionism was lopsided and constrained, it debilitated the Maasai through illness, and built up the act of state rule (37). Acclimating the Maasai to pioneer, and afterward national, plans of progress, the attestation and extension of state power reordered Maasai lives and employments to suit Western needs (275). Ensuing British guideline during the 1900s extended on state authority with innate movements and new heads of family units, implementing perfect arrangements of ethnic character with regional personality on a versatile and roaming individuals. Disappointed Westerners made a political chain of command of Africans to managed through co-optation (61) and established pilgrim charges upon the men, disturbing steers possession among people (69). Indeed, even during the 1960s, proceeding a conceivably rewarding wellspring of state income, remote associations burned through a huge number of dollars on the improvement of Maasai profitability, yet the projects held no social affectability and floundered.

Depression Article Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sadness Review - Article Example This investigation needed to give the connection between useful social help (FSS) and mental capital (PC), with tension and stress indications among individuals living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). The investigation says that it is extremely valuable to utilize PLWHA since through business they get pay and wages that they use to improve a mind-blowing nature, they become more joyful and they can go to emergency clinic to be dealt with at whatever point they feel debilitated. For the individuals who are not utilized and are living with HIV/AIDS, they can't have a quality life, they can't be upbeat and they do not have the cash to use for treatment at whatever point they are wiped out. Despite the fact that benefits that are picked up from the work of PLWHA, there a great deal of joblessness cases on the planet. The fundamental purpose behind this is mental trouble, mental, physical and different variables of public activity and populace (Liu et al., 326). At the point when we discuss otherworldly capital (PC), we simply mean such things like adequacy, trusting in a positive future and versatility that are useful in applauding the presentation of laborers and complimenting them. We likewise thinking about whether they are getting fulfilled at their work environment. In this article, the analyst directed a cross-area study in Liaoning Province which has a populace of 43 million individuals between the long stretch of December in the year 2010 and the period of April in the year 2011. In this example, there were 360 people living with HIV/AIDS and were completely utilized, somewhere in the range of 18 and 16 years old. The two techniques that could help in social affair information were giving out polls to the example and the utilization of educated assent. In the wake of circulating out the survey, 320 were completely filled, and they were dissected and later outcomes were discharged. During the time spent leading examination, those ideas and techniques that were utilized are Pearson’s relationship,

Advice From The Elderly

Advice From The Elderly To the class of 2016 My name is Jess, and I graduated in 2010. That makes me twenty-three whole years old. I am impossibly old. I am improbably old. According to science (and by science I am obviously referring to Science Magazine, who published a study on my expected lifespan in their spring 2010 edition) I should have died by now, considering the way I continue to regularly eat peanut butter straight from the jar, or food that has fallen on the floor. I am probably the age of some of your older brothers or sisters, with whom I am competing for a space in an attentive yet flexible elderly care facility. When I was 18, I dont think I even knew anyone who was in their 20s, but now you do, and I am here to represent my decade of twenty-somethings (my least favorite phrase after meat lover, panty-dropping, and were all out of tacos) by giving you some elderly-person advice. (Although I am not as old as a postdoc in my lab who shall remain unnamed to protect the aging, who told me, I was asking our undergrad [Janet] if she had seen Silence of the Lambs, which came out in 1991. And Janet goes, I was born in 1991! And I was just like, please keep that information to yourself, JANET.') (I know. I know when you were all born, and its after 1991. Please follow unnamed-elderly-postdocs advice above and keep this information to yourself.) Now that weve gotten that out of the way, Im writing this entry for a few reasons. One, because the last entry I wrote as a blogger my senior year ended on something like a stay tuned for my next blog entry, after graduation! which I never wrote, and I imagine my tens of tens of readers were waiting with bated breath for an entry that never came. And by tens of tens of readers, I obviously mean just my mom, and today is my moms birthday, so happy birthday, Mom. Ive given you the gift of breathing! (Kind of like you did, twenty three years ago!) Two, because I hung out with a freshman recently who was all like, Whats 50 Things? And I think my pacemaker almost stopped just right there on the spot. (You should go read 50 Things right now, if you havent already. It is required reading for entering MIT. Dont worry, Ill wait.) And three, because Im about to be class of 2016 myself. After working for two years in Boston, Im moving back to California to start medical school, where I will be wearing flip flops every single day, even in the OR. (See, this story does have a happy ending!)(It ends with me losing all my toes.) I wanted to pass on some advice I would give to myself as an 18-year-old, other than stop eating food that has fallen on the floor; youre not as sneaky as you think youre being, and people can see you. I dont have 50 pieces of advice; Ben pretty much covered most of those bases already. But there are a few big things that Ive tried to live by or maybe wish I had realized when I was your age, and I hope you find them helpful. So here goes nothing Try to actively put yourself out of your comfort zone as often as possible. When you put yourself in a situation thats uncomfortable, you learn things about yourself that you wouldnt normally discover sitting at home in your sweatpants eating Twizzlers and watching seven episodes of Game of Thrones in one sitting. (I would never do that! I hate Twizzlers!) Like for example, youre surprisingly resourceful! And you can meet people you wouldnt normally come in contact with! People who might be casting agents for the next season of Game of Thrones and just happen to be looking for a Korean-American character who wasnt written into the books! You know, things like that. Change is a good thing. As a freshman, I had a group of friends who I did everything with. We took the same classes, ate lunch together, went on road trips to Cape Cod together. We celebrated Passover and Christmas and pranked each other and held sleepovers and in short, they were my first family at college. We had an incredible first year together, and I thought it could only get better from there. And then three of my very best friends in the world decided to leave MIT. (The retention rate at MIT is something like 97%, in case you were wondering.) I was really, completely devastated. After relying on my friends for pretty much everything, I had no idea how to rebuild, but eventually I figured out I had to move. It took me a while, but I got up the courage to move to a floor where I knew almost no one. And it turned out that moving was the best thing I could have done. Because heres what happened all when I moved to Burton 1, and met my second family at MIT: I met the girl who answered her apartment door for me at one thirty on a Tuesday night, when I needed a friend the most. She introduced me to the boy who, on my last night in Boston, stayed up until 3 AM with me, who borrowed a car and drove me to the airport two hours later.  I learned how to start a dance party anywhere, any time. I fell in love and drove to the Grand Canyon. I made connections on my new floor that took me to Haiti, Monaco,  Japan, and Senegal, all completely paid for (and even sometimes with a stipend!) by MIT. (Please, please do this. If you need help finding out how to go places through MIT, email me. Heres your first hint: you know all those weird pamphlets they sent you about things like MISTI that you probably either threw away or used as a napkin? Please read them. Its like a cheat code for free travel, if your life was a video game. MIT honestly paid my friend to go s pend a month in Mongolia learning how to kill goats without spilling any blood. You know, the important stuff. There is nothing that broadens your perspective like living in another country for an extended period of time. In my opinion it should be a requirement to graduate, but, you know, it is much easier to sit at home and eat Twizzlers, Game of Thrones, etc.) But back to the point when I look back on how much of my life has been shaped by the people I met, just because I moved that one time, its absurd that so much of my life hinged on that one moment. Because I moved, I met the people who I know will someday be in my wedding and at my medical school graduation and helping me raise my children. If I hadnt been brave enough to make that change, I dont even know if I would be headed off to med school today. On a somewhat related note to that message move. And I dont just mean dorms when I was applying to college, the single most important thing was for me to go to school as far away from California as I could. Now Im a little older, and applying to med school the single most important thing was for me to go back to California. I absolutely love Boston, and Im so heartbroken to leave it, but there are times in your life when you realize youre stagnating. You still have a lot of growing to do. Move. Let chapters end. A study of a seventy-year-olds by the NY Times found that those who viewed themselves as happiest often viewed their lives as separated into chapters. The thing about every chapter, though, is that they all have to come to an end eventually. I have the worst time letting go of things, but you cant force people to stay the same just because you want them to. It doesnt mean you were any less important to each other when you were in each others lives. Which reminds me the boy (or girl) who breaks your heart really badly and seems impossibly cool was just like you, lost and confused and a total nerd, this time last year. Forgive him anyway. He will never know the strength youve gained from having met him, and youll be more careful with other peoples feelings because of it. Ask for help. Its okay to ask people for favors! Ask people for help all the time! Ask the lady next to you to help you zip up your sweater on the T and shell probably do it, even if she thinks youre a weirdo with big thumbs! I grew up with two of the most supportive parents a girl can ask for, and I happened to go into a field that my parents are very well acquainted with. Inevitably, this means that my parents have tried to get involved in every facet of my career trying to get me interviews with different labs, finding me shadowing opportunities with their friends, etc. And for a long time, I was really embarrassed by this. I rejected a lot of their efforts because I was scared, and I thought that I could only rely on myself. Heres a big hint: the world doesnt work that way. We rely on other people to get us where we need to go, and I quickly learned at MIT, a few thousand miles away from my parents and any help they could try to impose on me, I still needed the help of those who had previously done what I hoped to do in order to get me to where I needed to be. Embracing that took a long time, and in turn I try my best to give advice and support to those who are now where I was not so long ago. It takes one person to extend the hand, but it doesnt make you weak to take it. Take the help; its what you do with the opportunity that really matters. There are a very short list of things in this life that cant be improved with a sense of humor. Itll make for a great party story later on. And if all else fails, be brave! Ive been trying to write this entry for over a month now, and Im finally finishing it on the plane ride home from Boston. Youll find that at this point in your life your friends become your family, and Im leaving mine just as many of you are leaving yours. Im terrified to start over, but I was just as terrified six years ago when I moved away from my real family in California to come to MIT. Sometimes the thing that you hold on to the most, the thing thats the most comfortable for you, is also the thing thats holding you back from the life you really want. Be brave. Grab the risk with both hands and dont look back. At the end of the day, youll be better for it. Be the kind of person who talks to cab drivers. Waste less time thinking about what other people think of you. Learn how to write a thank you note, and write them often. Sing karaoke. Stop worrying about what your hair looks like; nobody cares nearly as much about it as you do. Approach these next four years with an open heart and an open mind.  Dont feel entitled to anything you didnt sweat and struggle for. But in my experience, and in Conan OBriens experience, if you work hard and youre kind, amazing things will happen. I cant wait to hear about all the amazing things youre going to do with your lives. -Jess

Enron Case Study - 5921 Words

Enron Case Study [pic] Part A: Problem Focused Analysis and Recommendations. 1. Brief Case Background. List key events, use timeline. Case Background At one time Enron was one of the world’s largest producers of natural gas, oil, and electricity. It also appeared to be one of the most profitable companies, taking shareholders from $19.10 in 1999 to $90.80 by the end of 2000. Enron’s top management answered to a Board of Directors whose responsibility was to question and challenge new partnerships, ventures, and decisions within the company. On several occasions, Andrew Fastow, the company’s Chief Financial Officer approached the board of directors with new investment partnerships which the board approved with very little†¦show more content†¦Lay died at the age of 64, in 2006. At the time of his death, the Securities and Exchange Commission was still trying to get $90 million in addition to civil fines. Skilling was indicted for securities and wire fraud and was convicted on 19 of 28 counts. He was sentenced to 24 years, 4 months in a federal prison. In addition he was ordered to pay $26 millio n out of pocket to restore the Enron pension fund. The result of Enron’s downfall contributed to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) in 2002. This law contains stronger penalties for fraud and requires public companies to avoid making loans to management, report more information to the public, become more independent from their auditors, and to report on and have audited the financial internal control procedures. Now, in public companies, when a manager signs off on a financial document of any kind, they are held responsible for the credibility of that document and its contents. After Enron, several other companies were investigated for fraudulent financial behavior such as Adelphia Communications, Tyco International, and WorldCom. Enron Timeline 1999 Enron’s stock price is $19.10 2000 Enron’s stock price is $90.80 with revenues of $100.8 billion (up from $13.2 billion in 1996) February 2001 Jeffrey Skilling becomes president and CEO of Enron. †¢ Debt levels rise to $37.3 billion, a 91% increase over previous 12 month period. †¢ Share price falls toShow MoreRelatedENRON Case Study1572 Words   |  7 Pages1. The Enron debacle created what one public official reported was a â€Å"crisis of confidence† on the part of the public in the accounting profession. List the parties who you believe are most responsible for that crisis. Briefly justify each of your choices. Following parties are believed to be the most responsible for the crisis. With any big organization going so bad, the blame starts with the top level executives, there was no different in this case. For Enron the blame started with Enron’sRead MoreEnron Case Study2596 Words   |  11 PagesEnron a Case Study Enron, once known as the worldwide leader in energy trading, began as a natural gas pipeline company. â€Å"At its peak, Enron brokered up to 20 percent of America’s energy transactions. These included basic contracts to deliver natural gas from wells to pipelines for distribution to homes, contracts for the purchase of electrical power facility out port, and more complex financial contracts, which allowed power companies to manage price and market risk† (Ackman)Read MoreEnron Case Study4789 Words   |  20 PagesEXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report will analyse the groupthink’s concerns in the collapse of Enron. The collapse of Enron is less than three months, which Enron from a very prosperous company to a bankrupt enterprise. The collapse of Enron is one of the most grievous business failures in United States. This disastrous business failure had causes a large number of employees lost their jobs and retirement savings. Groupthink leads groups to make faulty judgments. Groupthink occurs when a group makeRead MoreEnron case study1195 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Q 1: Evaluate Enron profit and cash flow performance during the period 1998 – 2000? Profitability Measures Enron’s reported net income grew from $703 million in 1998 to $979 million in 2000, totaling 35.1% profit growth for the three-year period. Enron was among the leading of â€Å"high performing† companies by sustaining a high earnings growth insight. However, as Table 1 indicates, Enron’s reported profits were microscopic relation to revenues. Net income did not grow at anything near the sameRead MoreEnron Case Study Analysis1699 Words   |  7 PagesBusiness Strategy Enron Case Study 09/08/12 Enron Case Study: From Company to Conspiracy 1. What is the History of Enron, and what current situation does it find itself in? Enron was created by a combination of companies. These companies were Houston Natural Gas and InterNorth. These companies were merged together in July 1985. CEO of Houston Natural Gas, Kenneth Lay became chairman and CEO of the combined company. This happened in February 1986. The company changed its name to Enron on April 10thRead MoreEnron Case Study Summary976 Words   |  4 PagesEnron Case Study The case of Enron is a fascinating one. United States is a country where auditing and accounting principles are so strong. How can something take place on such high level in the United States? The Enron case demonstrates the need to reform the accounting and corporate governance practices in the United States. Moreover, the Enron case made government officials to pay close attention to deregulated energy market. Some of the aspects that struck me are discussed below. One of theRead MoreEnron Case Study1472 Words   |  6 PagesQ 1: Evaluate Enron profit and cash flow performance during the period 1998 – 2000? Profitability Measures Enron’s reported net income grew from $703 million in 1998 to $979 million in 2000, totaling 35.1% profit growth for the three-year period. Enron was among the leading of â€Å"high performing† companies by sustaining a high earnings growth insight. However, as Table 1 indicates, Enron’s reported profits were microscopic relation to revenues. Net income did not grow at anything near the sameRead MoreEnron Tyco Case Studies2163 Words   |  9 PagesRunning head: CASE STUDIES: ENRON’S FALL AND TYCO INTERNATIONAL’S LEADERSHIP CRISIS Case Studies: Enron’s Fall and Tyco International’s Leadership Crisis Grand Canyon University BUS 604 November 4, 2009 Case Study: Enron’s Fall and Tyco International’s Leadership Crisis The tight Federal regulations now governing businesses and their accounting practices came about because one corporation, Enron, took risks their company could not withstand without taking some rather extreme measures inRead MoreEnron and Worldcom Case Study1225 Words   |  5 PagesEnron and WorldCom Case Study This report is based on the demise of Enron Corporation and WorldCom. Both the firms are demised due to the ethical lapses. These ethical lapses come into existence when managements of the firm, uses unethical practices to accomplish the goals of the firm. Maintaining financial and accounting standards in the business practices are necessary. The profession of accounting has become a mockery due to the accounting scandals that took place all over the world in theRead MoreCase Study: Accounting for Enron4415 Words   |  18 Pagesï » ¿ Case Study 9 Kim Chau California Southern University MKT 86519 Dec 19, 2014 N. Papazian Accounting for Enron Introduction In the case of Accounting for Enron, the case concerned one of the largest corporate bankruptcies in the US history at the turn of the 21st century. It was Enron Corporation, a one time seventh largest most successful US company, sixth largest energy company in the world, valued at over $70 Billion; they filed for chapter 11 on December 2, 2001. Just the year before

Using the French Expression Grâce àCorrectly

The French expression grà ¢ce à   (pronounced grah sa) is a common phrase that people use to give credit to someone or something for a positive event or outcome. It is the rough equivalent in English of the phrase thanks to. Examples Like most French grammar youll use, grà ¢ce à  Ã‚  is spoken in the normal  register, meaning its used in everyday conversation, neither formal nor informal in tone. You may find yourself saying in any number of situations, such as these:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Grà ¢ce à   mon mari, jai une idà ©e pour un livre.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Thanks to my husband, I have an idea for a book.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Grà ¢ce à   ton assistance, il a fini le travail.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Thanks to your help, he finished the work.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Grà ¢ce à   Dieu!  Ã‚  Ã‚  Thank God! Variations You can also modify this phrase to say its thanks to... by placing the word  cest in front of grà ¢ce à  :  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sil a rà ©ussi à   lexamen, cest grà ¢ce à   toi.  Ã‚  Ã‚  If he passed the test, its all thanks to you.Remember that à   followed by the definite article le or les must contract:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cest grà ¢ce au centre de loisirs que je sais utiliser Facebook.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Its thanks to the leisure center that I know how to use Facebook.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Grà ¢ce aux conseils de Pierre, nous avons trouvà © la maison parfaite.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Thanks to Pierres advice, we found the perfect house.Antonym: To blame someone or something for a negative event or situation, use the expression à   cause de.

Hitler Was a Bad Leader Free Essays

One of the most controversial topics in history is whether or not Hitler was a good leader; to this I say he wasn’t. During Hitler’s reign of power, more like reign of terror, he may have brought success to the world but none of it can undo his damage; none can ever compensate for the lives he took. Hitler was a terrible leader in that he manipulated the young, he was very hypocritical, and he caused the Jewish Holocaust. We will write a custom essay sample on Hitler Was a Bad Leader or any similar topic only for you Order Now Hitler may have done more damage than good; however, he did know what he was doing. Hitler knew he needed supporters, and so he went to the people who would be the easiest to bring to his side. According to Hitler himself in his speech at Reichsparteitag in 1935, â€Å"He alone, who owns the youth, gains the Future! † Hitler’s manipulation of the youth succeeded into misleading an entire generation of idealistic German boys with the idea of racial and national superiority. Hitler strongly believed that any race or appearance different from what he claimed perfect, which was to be blonde with blue eyes, were to be destroyed. He used these â€Å"perfection† of people to become his base of support to help him carry out his barbaric attacks and later the holocaust. The young children did not know any better than to listen to their leader, so they acted without question, basically willingly helping him commit his sickening mass murder. The fact that he chose to manipulate younger children shows how pathetic he really was in that he wanted them because they were easier. Aside from his manipulating of innocent children to become his personal slaves, another reason he was a horrific leader was that he was a hypocrite. Hitler is most known for his act of murdering thousands of Jews because they were not blonde with blue eyes, but in reality, who is he to judge? Last time I checked, Hitler wasn’t even German but Austrian with black hair. This shows that he was an extremely racist man in that he attempted to take out an entire race because they were not his preferred ethnicity. This also shows that he was not fit to be a leader in that leaders are supposed to practice equality of all people, and are supposed to be of exemplary character. Seeing how he let his racist ways control him into committing such horrendous crimes just adds to how bad of a leader he really was. When someone first hears the name Hitler, there is usually a strong negative connotation that comes with it in that most people relate him directly to being the cause of the holocaust. The first reason he should never have been leader was that any person with such a sick and compulsive mind should never be in power. Already having such a fixed mindset, it should have been known that he would only do damage with his power. According to those around him, Hitler’s reasoning for the killing was that Jews were the cause of Germany’s problems. First of all, with no actual proof, it shows that Hitler acted on feeling instead of reason which obviously would only lead to downfalls. It also shows that he was a liar, and never should a country have such a ruler. Even if it is what he believed, it also shows he acted on impulse and simply what he believed instead of what was for the good of everyone. However, if he would still try to persuade people that he believed it really was for the good of all, it then just shows how he had the worst judgment and should not have been named ruler. Hitler was one of the worst rulers in our history because of his lack of good judgment and because of his wrong doings. Hitler gained support through the manipulation of innocent minds, which shows he was weak. He lived and spoke through hypocrisy, especially when he acted in killing thousands of Jews because of something they could not change. Hitler may have had some minimal success in adding to the world, but his injustices will forever shame him into being a horrible leader. How to cite Hitler Was a Bad Leader, Papers

Impact of Organizational Structure and Leadership

Question: Discuss about the Impact of Organizational Structure and Leadership. Answer: Introduction: The relationship between Personality and Job performance is an important part of a successful company, industry or any type of organization. The relation between personality and job performance is an important subject or we can say a topic which is taken into consideration very seriously in various successful companies for a long time. The meaning of job performance is clear to us from its name, i.e. the performance of an employee of the company regarding its work or job. Actually the job performance depends upon various types of factors for its complete construction (Halim Zainal, 2015). Job performance tells us about the performance an employee of a company against a particular job or task given to it by the company. How well an employee performs that task can also be viewed by this process. Job performance also tells us about the initiatives taken by the employees of the company for doing any type of task. Further, this study also describes about the maximum extent up to which th e employees of an organization completes that task. This study helps an organization or the company in judging the utilization of various resources given to them by the company for performing different different tasks. This study indicates about the methods being used by the employees of the company for completion of a task given to them. It also indicates about time and the energy spent by the employees in fulfilling their task (Thisera, 2013). The personality of an employee also plays an important part in performing his or her job. Personality indicates various things about a person. It helps an organization or a company in indicating the general tendency to experience various factors such as feeling of fear, feeling of embarrassment, anger, sadness, guilt, etc. in any person or an employee of the company. Personality also indicates about extraversion of a person which includes various factors like sociability and talkativeness etc. it also tells about the intellectual curiosity of an employee to experience new thing from time to time in performing various tasks successfully for the sake of the company (Rothmann Coetzer, 2003). The personality of a person also describes about the will strength of that particular person for a task assigned to it by its organization. The way of talking, the way of thinking and the way, according to which one behaves with the other, is represented from this study. How an employee of a company behaves and communicates with others shows its personality. Personality and the job performance of an employee are related to each other. Nowadays, most of the companies, industries or any other organization either on a large scale or small one, each of them wants an employee who is well personalized as well as has good performance (Barrick Mount, 1991). Personality and performance plays an important role in a person or an employees life because these two qualities affect a lot to the company, industry or an organization to which they are related or we can say for which they are working. A person with good personality and work performance can completely change the work environment surrounding it. Therefore, it can be judged that the environment is completely influenced by the performance and the personality of an employee of a company. The personality of a person shows its attitude with others. The way a person takes decisions for a particular task is represented by its work performance as well as through its personality. Personal skills of a person also affect the workplace hugely, because it shows the action and the reaction of that person during the work. Personality and the performance of an employee show the quality of leadership. Personality also affects various things like conflict, motivation, etc. in a group of employees of an organization (Shahhosseini, et al., 2012). There are different different views of the people which affect the job performance as well as the personality of the other person. Personality and job performance of an employee helps an organization in judging various qualities of that employee. These qualities show that how an individual can handle a problem with the help of his personal beliefs, skills, values, etc. There are many factors such as agreeableness, quality of openness and stability to emotions, etc. which helps the company in making various predictions like an individual will have more or less conflicts, he or she will be able to work in a group or not and positive or negative a ttitudes towards their work or job assigned to them by the company. These are those factors which cant be easily changed because these factors are developed throughout a persons lifetime. So this study helps the management of a company to understand the positive and negative points of their employees rather than to fight with them while assigning any type of task to them for the betterment of the company (Maria, 2013). Interpersonal skills of a person or an employee of a company greatly affects the work environment of that company (Chu Huang, 2013). The positive attitude of an employee affects the company work with positivity and the negative attitude of an employee will affect the work of the company negatively. A person or an employee having a positive attitude or the positive nature, qualities generally enjoys completing his or her task while working. The positive attitude of an employee towards its work helps in motivating other employees of the company. A person having positive factors have the sensitivity and empathy, which helps them to act nicely with other employees working at a same work place. Management of the company provides special and important tasks to the employees having positive nature regarding to their work. Employees having a positive attitude are often placed at good designation in the company and they help the company in managing other employees of that company, dealing wi th important customers of the company and solving major problems being faced by the company. Taking important decisions in the company for the sake of the company is greatly influenced by the attitude of the employee which is a part of its performance and his or her personality (Tsai Chang, 2007). Positive qualities of an employee helps him/her in taking right decisions for the sake of the company under a great pressure, but on the other hand the person with negative qualities will be unable to make the right decision for the betterment of the company in those such conditions of great pressures and work load. This study helps the management in placing the right person in the right place to perform various tasks placing in appropriate positions so that they can give their best to the company for which they are working depending upon their qualities. If the management places an employee on a designation according to its nature and attitude than it automatically raises the motivation level of that employee and he/she will be able to work nicely and can easily complete his/her task in a specific time slot (Sakiru, et al., 2013). The overall job performance of an employee as well as of the company will be raised, because each employee will be happy with his/her work and will raise the level of their work on a daily basis. Therefore, the overall productivity of the company will get raised which automatically increases the business of the company if and only if the employees of the company are happy and are satisfied with the work assigned to them by the management (Agbim, 2013). Organizational Behaviour (OB) can be defined as the knowledge or a study related to an individual in an organization, as well as it also provides a description about the nature of the organization itself. Organizational behaviour helps in understanding the nature of various employees working in a company and it is becoming a necessary part of each and every organization day by day because people with different backgrounds and cultural values have to work together in an effective and efficient manner for the betterment of the company (Greek, 2016). Organizational behaviour provides a vision to an organization with the help of which the management can easily forecast that how employees will behave with each other. Therefore, this vision helps an organization in controlling the employees having a negative attitude towards their work for the benefit of the company. Organizational behaviour (OB) helps the management in indicating various factors or we can say important trends which are ne cessary for the development of the company or an organization. It helps an organization in making important decisions and selecting a particular method or an approach to complete the work and carrying its business worldwide. Organizational behaviour helps the management of the company in evaluating the relevance among many different approaches. It helps in maintaining the relationship between the practical work and the theoretical work of an organization by following various types of topologies. Organizational behaviour helps in predicting the various study values taken into consideration by the company for the completion of the task and in achieving its aim or mission. It also provides the information about establishing a basis for consideration of the various aspects (Ashraf, 2014). The interrelationship between the employees of an organization and the various management practices can be viewed easily and quickly with the help of organizational behaviour. It is the responsibility of the OB (Organizational behaviour) to make an understanding between the management and the employees, so that employees can easily understand the need of change required for the company. It gives the information to the employees about the important tasks which require more attention while performing them for a successful completion. Organizational behaviour (OB) provides the various resources required by the employees of the organization for performing their job. It provides the complete knowledge about the work or task to the employees, so that they can easily understand the method that how they have to do that particular task assigned to them by the management. The organizational behaviour of each and every successful company or an organization needs to apply the relationship between personality and the job performance for selecting an appropriate person for their company. It should recruit only those types of persons those who are having a good personality being followed by a good quality of working performance. If a person selected as having both the qualities than he/she can perform their assignments more effectively and efficiently, while creating a working env ironment around them (Parra Marengi, 2012). According to this study, we can easily imagine the importance and various advantages of the relation between the personality and the performance of a person or an employee. According to this a person should have both types of qualities, i.e. he/she should have a good personality as well as good performance to easily compete with other. A person can nourish his/her qualities by expanding their contacts list containing those persons which can provide benefits to them in their job through providing benefits to the company. An employee should actively participate in various activities being performed within the company. They need to participate in solving the problems being faced by the company from time to time and should have a clear image about the aim or the goal they want to achieve. Management of the company should provide easy presentations to the employees with the help of organizational behaviour. The management of the company should reward their employees those who are working well for the company, which automatically motivates and forces other employees of the company to improve their performance. This type of motivation will increase the overall performance of the company, which lead to increase the market value of the company and productivity of the company. Management of the company should need to check and should take a survey from time to time that either the employees are satisfied with their job or not. A person should change itself from time to time for modifying the various qualities related to his/her personality and working ability. An employee should attain the quality of leadership which is a part of both personality as well as performance. If he/she is having those qualities which are required by most of the companies nowadays then he/she can easily survive in the competitive environment of the company. If a person attains both the qualities, than he/she can be placed on a good designation in the company by the management. An employee should know about the different culture of the countries so that it can be beneficial for the company to carry its business across the boundaries through those employees. He/she should have the knowledge about different languages, so that they can easily communicate with the people of different countries. This also helps them to communicate with the employees working with them who belong to different cultures and countries. Therefore, we can say that OB scholars and leaders should follow the concept of the relationship between personality and the job performance for the sake an organization. References Agbim, K., 2013. The Impact of Organizational Structure and Leadership Styles on Innovation. IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM), February, 6(6), pp. 56-63. Ashraf, T., 2014. Organizatonal Behavior: UNESCO, Available at: https://www.unesco.org/education/aladin/paldin/pdf/course02/unit_14.pdf Barrick, M. Mount, M., 1991. The big five personality dimensions and job performance: A META-Analysis. The big five personality dimensions and job performance: A META-Analysis, March, 44(1). Chu, L. Huang, K., 2013. How Personality Traits Mediate the Relationship Between Flow Experience and Job Performance. The Journal of International Management Studies, 8(1), pp. 1-14, Available at: https://www.jimsjournal.org/4%20Chen-Lin%20Lee.pdf Greek, W., 2016. What Is the Role of Personality in Organizational Behavior?. What Is the Role of Personality in Organizational Behavior?. Halim, F. W. Zainal, A., 2015. Achievement motivation as mediating factore in the relationship between personality and job performance relationship. Achievement motivation as mediating factore in the relationship between personality and job performance relationship, Volume 2, p. 11. Maria, B., 2013. the relationship between leadership effectiveness and organizational performance. Dresmara journal, 3(1), pp. 123-127. Parra, R. Marengi, J., 2012. Approcahes to organization and management, Available at: https://catalogue.pearsoned.co.uk/assets/hip/gb/hip_gb_pearsonhighered/samplechapter/0273757342.pdf Rothmann, S. Coetzer, E., 2003. The big five personalty dimensions and job performance. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 29(1), pp. 1-7. Sakiru, O., Enoho, D., Kareem, S. Abdullahi, M., 2013. Relationship between employee performance, leadership styles and emotional intelligence in an organization. IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS), February, 8(2), pp. 53-57. Shahhosseini, M., Silong, A., Ismaill, I. Uli, J. N., 2012. The Role of Emotional Intelligence on Job Performance. International Journal of Business and Social Science, November, 3(21), pp. 1-6, Available at: https://www.ijbssnet.com/journals/Vol_3_No_21_November_2012/25.pdf Thisera, T., 2013. Expolring the relationship between supervisor's leadership and subordinates performance. International Journal of Social Science Interdisciplinary Research, June.2(6). Tsai, H. Chang, P., 2007. Investigating the relationship among leadership styles,emotional intelligence and organization commitment on job performance: A study of salespeople in Thailand. The Journal of Human Resource and Adult Learning, December.3(2).

The History Of Psychology Essays - Psychological Theories

The History Of Psychology The History of psychology Roots of modern psychology remain in the past at the time of ancient Greece, yet the beginning of psychology has been around for nearly a century. It's exact date is 1879, in Leipzig, Germany. Leipzig was the first laboratory for experimental psychology. Wilhelm Wundt was really the first person to actually call himself a psychologist. He was the first person to have an experimental laboratory for psychology. Hermann Von Helmholtz was psychologist in mathematics and experimental mathematical physics. His works are connected with the eye, the ear, and the nervous system. Another person was a German as well, his name was Gustav Fechner, he studied how physical stimulation is translated into sensations, all three of these guys then came up with determinism. Structuralism, introduced in the United States by Edward Titchener, emphasizes the what of mental contents rather than the why or how. This theory is based on presuming all mental experiences could be understood in a combination of events of elements broken into smaller chunks. An example could be smelling a fragrance and trying to analyze what the ingredients are. The argument is that this simplistic theory is based on sensations of the consciousness. Functionalism, according to William James, is the ability for learned habits that help organisms adapt to the environment and function effectively. Structuralism searches for elements and contents, but functionalism goes into the property of the mind and it's interactions with the environment. John Dewy is a famous functionalist who used this theory in looking for ways to improve education. In order to understand a behavior, action, or thought, it is important to understand the function or purpose it serves not what the structure may be. In otherwords, explain behaviorism rather than control them. Evolutionism, a theory developed by Charles Darwin, proposes that all species have ever-changing traits that help organisms and species survive in what is called natural selection process. Functionalism deals with behavior whereas evolutionism deals with the process of behavior and mental processes. Structuralism on the other hand deals with what makes up the structure or human mind.

Great tips on deductive essay writing

Great tips on deductive essay writing Deductive essay It is known that possessing remarkable critical thinking skills is rather useful. As to students, they have a marvelous opportunity to apply them when producing a deductive essay. The process of deductive reasoning has a lot in common with doing jigsaw puzzles. If you want to write a paper properly, you should ask your professor about the way of presenting arguments. Note that there are two types of arguments: propositional and categorical. When the instructions are specified, you may begin producing your work. By the way, there is no need to divide your piece of writing into sections. The thing is that it may cause some problems with providing information logically. Learn the Peculiarities of Deductive Essay Writing What Is a Deductive Essay? A deductive essay is a form of an academic essay, in which the writer should present logical reasoning in a form of a deductive argument. The professors assign this task to check the student`s ability to think logically and be able to present the sound and reasonable arguments to support some position. The key principle of writing such an essay implies the student`s ability to build a logical conclusion having ample information regarding some issue or subject. Most people often use the deductive skills in everyday life. As such, to understand the essence of the problem, they need to gather a lot of arguments and evidence. Indeed, almost all daily decisions are made with the help of a deductive approach. In other words, every person is able to make a logical conclusion considering the information he/she possess. A deductive writing style has a few peculiarities. As such, it requires an in-depth research about the topic and cannot be based on mere writer`s observations, especially if he/she is not an expert in this particular area. Moreover, to write a good deductive essay, you need to choose one of the most effective deductive essay topics. If you experience some difficulties with choosing the topic, feel free to address your professor and he or she will gladly assist. To summarize, writing a deductive essay is impossible without the clear thinking and analytical skills. If you state something, do not forget to support it with the reasonable evidence and remember that as long as you can prove your argument, it sounds good. Tips Which Help you Write an Exclusive Paper Select a Subject There is a huge variety of deductive essay topics. Thus, you need to choose the most suitable for your paper. The next essential step is to formulate a key statement. Otherwise, you will not be able to write a unique work. Remember that it is a fundamental element of your piece of writing. It sometimes happens that students single out a few central points. However, it is very hard to join everything together and provide incontrovertible facts to support ideas. Sometimes professors give students topics which they have to cover. Furthermore, even the main idea of your work may be formulated. In this case, writing a reasoning essay becomes more difficult. You have to make sure that there is enough material on exploring the subject. By the way, if you have stuck and do not understand how to move on, you may browse the Internet to get fresh ideas. You should not worry about plagiarism. When using sources, you collect information about the topic. However, you should complete an assignment on your own presenting your personal opinion about the issue. Thus, you will not be accused of plagiarism. By the way, you can always order an authentic deductive essay online. Present Facts In this section, you need to provide readers with powerful arguments concerning the examined matter. Therefore, you should explain research results clearly. If you produce this part of paper in the right way, you will not face problems with writing a good conclusion. If you do not want to miss any points, which should be covered, you need to write a comprehensive essay outline. In order to make your work valid, you should also present vivid deductive examples, statistical data, and concrete facts. Thus, your professor will understand that you deserve the highest grade. For this reason, you should not leave your paper till the last minute. If you have enough time, you will complete this assignment successfully. Make Conclusion Your research may lead to writing a few clear summaries. The main conclusion should restate the thesis and summarize your paper. Remember that it is important to explore the subject in detail. Only then, you will be able to arrive at reasonable conclusion. Now, you know how to answer the question â€Å"How do you write an essay of this type?† Each paragraph of your paper should analyze one point. If you follow this rule, you will structure your work properly. Surely, writing an essay of this kind is not easy. However, if you take the above-mentioned steps into account, you will succeed. Reasons to choose our deductive essay writing writing service We are the best organization in providing writing papers, research papers, essays, dissertations or term papers at cheap prices which you all can afford. We have been doing this business for years now and no organization has this much of experience compared to us. Our writers are professionals who know most of the topics inside out and write some of the finest piece of writings that you can get. It will definitely meet every of your requirement. Suppose you like doing mathematics and not writing essays. So what happen when English teacher comes and tells you to write an essay and your grades will be determined by those essays? You dont want your grades to suffer just because you don’t like writing essays and other writings, do you? 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Project Manangement The Reluctant Worker Case Study

Project Manangement The Reluctant Worker - Case Study Example Moreover, these skills promote understanding among individuals at workplace and enable them sustain good relationships and this in turn benefits the organization. This paper represents a report based on the case study of the reluctant worker focusing particularly on key professional skills that influence the growth and development of an organization. Actually, there are core skills that are at play in the case of the reluctant workers. Basically, all professionals are required or encouraged to possess a broad range of skills but most importantly, is the ability to communicate effectively with others and be able to express their views freely. For instance, three key skills that apply or are insufficient here are lack of team building, Leadership skills as exhibited by the project manager, and planning. To start with, there is lack of team building among workers and their team leader in this organization. Ideally, team building refers to the ability to form productive groups and confor m to the rules set and cooperate with others with the aim of achieving a common goal. Arguably, team building at workplace enhances goal achievement, efficiency in working process and satisfies the workers (â€Å"Ferguson Publishers†, 2009). ... Team building therefore plays a significant role in motivating the workers hence, organization tasks progress more efficiently and effectively. Secondly, appropriate leadership skills are very essential in ensuring that the management operate in the required manner, workers are motivated to work accordingly with increased efforts thereby increasing productivity of the organization. According to Adair, leadership is regarded as the most important composition of management (Adair, 2013). A leader has to understand others and cooperate with them appropriately (â€Å"Ferguson Publishers†, 2009). Ideally, leadership involves accountability, transparency and understanding. Generally, good leaders act as a role model in the organization and always concentrate on upholding the name or reputation of the organization. They should be able to understand themselves and other people as well. More so, the best leader ensures completion of tasks, roles and responsibilities both assigned to th em and their subordinates (â€Å"Ferguson Publishers†, 2009). They are expected to exercise self development and self management in the light of leadership knowledge and skills. Based on the case study of the reluctant workers, the project manager, Tim Aston to a larger extent did not exhaust and practiced the recommended leadership skills required in his position. Aston failed to clearly define the sequence of activities, create appropriate time for the juniors to be able to attend the meetings, and motivating the workers maybe through teambuilding process. Aston did not actually communicate effectively to the workers and this we can assume that he lacked good communication skills to be able to convince the workers and understand their

Bollywood as a global industry Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Bollywood as a global industry - Research Paper Example It is very easy to establish that every local channel has an Indian music or movies. On top of that, movies, songs and dance styles are loved by many people who even do not understand the language. For example, one of the old Hindi films called Shree 420(1955) is still aired up to date, although some changes have been made to it. Bollywood is a perfect example of a global industry. It is one of the largest film making industries not only in India but also in rest the world. It is located In Mumbai, India. The name Bollywood is derived from two names; Bombay which is the initial name for Mumbai and Hollywood which is the famous American film producers. Bollywood naming mainly came to being because of â€Å"Tollywood† which refers to the film industry of West Bengal. Tollywood started at around 1932. In 1930s, Bollywood started to venture in sound filming. This was mainly because at that time, there was a huge market for the Indian music as evidenced by the first Indian sound film (Ardershir Iran’s Alam Ara) which was a great realization. However Bollywood passed through many tough times which could easily have lead it to collapse. Such times include World War 2 (1939-1945), great depression and struggle for independence. After India got its independence in it experienced a â€Å"golden age†. Under this period, Bollywood produced several films which are largely acknowledged up to today. They include Kaagaz Ke Phool of 1959 and Madhumati of 1958. It is also during this time that it produced extolled actors and actresses who include Mala Sinha, Guru Dutt and Mani Kaul. Over time, Bollywood incorporated romantic and action films and also improved in the animation sector. From the year 2000, Bollywood started to increase its market target by increasing interconnectedness of countries through adopted of advanced technology (Ganti, 2012). Bollywood has help a lot in cultural development. Through these films, it has spread

The Singapore Cultural Analysis Cultural Studies Essay

The Singapore Cultural Analysis Cultural Studies Essay Singapore is a small island in southeast Asia Known for its trade and tourism. It is a small island with not much history but has a strong economy, stable government and a vibrant culture. II. Brief discussion of the countrys relevant history Singapore was a British colony for nearly 150 years merged with the Malay territory. In 1965 it gained independence from the British and was separated from Malaysia to from a new country called Singapore the name derived from singa-pura which means city of the lion. . (everyculture.com, n.d) III. Geographical setting Situated in Southeast Asia, Singapore is a small island with a total area 647.5 square kilometers, with land being 637.5 and water 10 square kilometers including the main island and around 60 islets and the coastline extends to 193 kilometers. Malaysia, Indonesia and Brunei are the bordering countries to Singapore. It is the focal point in the Southeast Asian sea routes. A.Location Singapore is located at the tip of the Malay Peninsula in Southeast Asia in between Malaysia and Indonesia. 1 22 N, 103 48E is the geographical location of Singapore. B.Climate Singapore experiences tropical climate with high humidity and rainfall. There are no specific rainy and dry seasons but during the northeast monsoon (dec-mar) it receives abundant rainfall and during the southwestern monsoon (jun-sep) it is the driest comparatively. C.Topography Singapore Island is mostly low-lying, green, undulating country with a small range of hills at the center. The highest point is Bukit Timah which is 166 meters and the lowest point is the Singapore strait which is 0 meters. There are sections of  rainforest  in the center and large  mangrove  swamps along the coast, which has many inlets, particularly in the north and west. Singapores harbor is wide, deep, and well protected(Singapore overview , 2007). IV. Social institutions A.Family 1.The nuclear family The general family trend in Singapore is a nuclear family which is the parents and the unmarried children living under the same roof. About 85% of Singaporean families are nuclear families. . (everyculture.com, n.d) 2.The extended family Close links are maintained between the relatives from both the mothers and fathers side. There is a positive amount of interaction between the extended family with them getting together during festivals and celebrations. . (everyculture.com, n.d) 3.Dynamics of the family a.  Parental roles The parental roles that is the duties and responsibilities of a parent towards their children are shared equally by the mother and the father. b.  Marriage and courtship Monogamy or having only one wife is the general rule in Singapore but Polygamy or having more than one wife at the same time is allowed among Muslim Malay. The divorce rate in Singapore is seemingly increasing but Interethnic marriages still are had to come by. The average age at first marriage has increased, and it is customary for young people to live with their parents until they marry. . (everyculture.com, n.d) 4.Female/male roles (changing or static?) The male and female roles are changing with 80% male employment and 50% female employment. Women are being given more importance in society through the time but there still lacks female involvement in the managerial or high level roles. (everyculture.com, n.d) B.Education Singapore has a very high literacy rate with a strong education system. The education system is based on six years of primary school, four years of secondary school and later vocational school or university, depending on the grades and student prefferences. The best schools are very demanding with the competition being high and fierce. (everyculture.com, n.d).Singapore one of the most prominent education hubs in Asia with high levels of education standards attracting students from all over the world with some of the best universities and institutions in the world. 1.The role of education in society Education plays a very prominent role in society were children are thought to hold the key not only to their own future but also to the future of their families. The average age at which children start school is six. (everyculture.com, n.d). Due to the increasing competition for jobs and personal improvement in Singapore there is high emphasis given to good education and nurturing and promoting the various talents of the students. a. Primary education Primary education is a total of six years which consists of a four year foundation stage from Primary 1 to 4 and a two year orientation stage from Primary 5 to 6. The overall aim of primary education is to give students a good grasp of English language, Mother Tongue and Mathematics. There is no fee for primary school but there are some miscellaneous expenses which add up to SGD $11/ month. During primary school the students are encouraged to participate in Co-Curricular Activities and Community Involvement Programs to develop early skills. At the end of primary school the students have to take a national level examination called the Primary school leaving examination (Ministry of education, 2012). b. Secondary education Secondary education consists of four to five years of school in which the students are placed in Special, Express, Normal (Academic) or Normal (Technical) course according to how they perform at the  Primary school leaving examination. The different curricular emphases are designed to match their learning abilities and interests. The fees for secondary school varies from $5/ month for public schools, $3-$18 for autonomous schools and $200-$300 for independent schools. For graduating from secondary school the students have to attend a national examination called GCE O Levels(for Special/Express courses) or GCE N Levels (for Normal course).All students take part in at least one  Co-curricular activity;  CCA  performance is considered for admission to  JCs,  CI, polytechnics and  ITE(Ministry of education, 2012) c. Higher education Singapore has some of the best universities offering various programs. The National University of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore Management University and Singapore University of Technology and Design are some of the most reputed universities in Singapore. These universities have a worldwide reach and attract thousands of students each year. There are universities from all over the world also who offer their programs in Singapore either by collaborating with Singaporean institutions like university of Whales and university of Bradford who offer their programs through Management Development Institute of Singapore (MDIS) or by setting up a sister campus in Singapore like INSED which is one of the worlds premier business school from France and James Cook university an Australian university have sister campuses in Singapore. 2. Literacy rates Singapore has a high literacy rate due to the emphasis given to education. The % of people above the age of 15 who can read and write is total population:  92.5%   male:  96.6%   female:  88.6% (2000 census) (Singapore-counrty profile ,2012) C. Political system Singapore is a republic with a parliamentary system. As a former British colony, Singapore since independence in 1965 has adopted the Westminster Module. The head of state is the president, who is elected for a fixed term of six years. The parliament is elected in a general compulsory election every five years. There are also six nominated members of the parliament. The cabinet is the executive organ of the state, and execution of government policies is carried out by ministries and statutory boards. . (everyculture.com, n.d) 1.Political structure: Singapores government is segrigated into three segments. -Executive- This includes the presedent who is the head-of-state abd the cabinet which is lead by the prime minister.(www.sg , 2011) -Legislative- The Legislative branch is the  Parliament, which is elected by  general election  every five years. The first sitting of Parliament was held on 8 December 1965. The first general election for Parliament was held on 13 April 1968. There are 22 registered political parties. .(www.sg , 2001) -Judiciary- The  Supreme Court  and its  Subordinate Courts make up the judiciary. The Judiciary administers the law independently of the Executive and this independence is safeguarded by the  Constitution.(www.sg , 2011) 2.Political parties- There are 22 political parties in singapore and are as follows: Singapore Chinese Party Persatuan Melayu Singapura Partai Rakyat, Singapore State Division Angkatan Islam The Workers Party Pertubohan Kebangsaan Melayu Singapura Peoples Action Party (PAP) United Peoples Party Barisan Socialis (BS), Socialist Front (SF) Parti Kesatuan Raayat (United Democratic Party) Singapore Indian Congress Alliance Party Singapura United National Front National Party of Singapore The Peoples Front Justice Party, Singapore Democratic Progressive Party Peoples Republican Party United Peoples Front Singapore Democratic Party (SDP) National Solidarity Party (NSP) Singapore National Front. (nationsencyclopedia.com , 2007) 3.Stability of government The Singapore government is very stable. There has never been a political imbalance and the government has never been dissolved. 4.Special taxes 5.Role of local government Since singapore is such a small country it does not have divisions in local government and is ruled by divisions of the central government instead. In 1996 the then primeminister of singapore Goh introdused a system of community devolopment councils (CDCs). In november 2001 the number of CDCs redused from 9 to 5 consisting of South West, North West, Central Singapore, South East, and North East. They are managed by a council comprising a mayor and between 12 and 80 council members. (nationsencyclopedia.com , 2007) D. Legal system The legal system of Singapore is designed on the bases of British law. . (nationsencyclopedia.com , 2007) 1.Organization of the judiciary system. The judicial system consistes of the supreme court which is the higest level headed by the chief justice who is appointed by the president on the recommendation of the primeminister.It divided into the high court the Court of Appeal, and the Court of Criminal Appeal. This id followed by the subbordinate courts which are magistrates courts, trying civil and criminal offenses, the disrtict court, the juvenile courts, for offenders below the age of sixteen and the coroners courts; and the small claims courts, which hear civil and commercial claims for sums of less than S$10,000. . (nationsencyclopedia.com , 2007) 2.Code, common, socialist, or Islamic-law country? 3.Participation in patents, trademarks, and other conventions 4. Marketing Laws E. Social organizations 1.Group behavior 2.Social classes 3.Clubs, other organizations 4.Race, ethnicity, and subcultures Singapore is predominantly Chinese with 77% of the population being Chinese according to the 2002 census. It also mentioned that Malays consist of 14% of the population and Indians consist of 8% of the population. The rest 1.4% of the population consisted of various other ethnic groups.(nationsencyclopedia.com , 2007) F.Business customs and practices V. Religion and aesthetics A.Religion and other belief systems There is freedom of religion with some exceptions. Singapore has been described as one of the most religious countries in the world. The major religions are Islam (Malay), Hinduism (Indians), Buddhism, Taoism, and folk religion (Chinese), along with a substantial number of Christians of various denominations. 1. Orthodox doctrines and structures There are many Chinese and Indian temples, Malay mosques, and Christian churches in the main public arenas for religious activities. Much religious activity is also carried out in the home. There are different street festivals according to the ritual calendars of the different ethnic groups. . (everyculture.com, n.d) 2. Relationship with the people Even with the vast difference in religious beliefs the people of Singapore live in peace with each other maintaining good relationships with people from all religious backgrounds. 3. Which religions are prominent? The Chinese religions of Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism are the most prominent with 51% 4. Membership of each religion The Chinese with Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism take up most of the population with 51%. About 15% of the population is Islamic About 15% of the population is Hindu And the rest of the population are from various other religions such as Christianity, Jewish, Jain and Sikh (nationsencyclopedia.com , 2007) B.Aesthetics 1.Visual arts (fine arts, plastics, graphics, public art, colors, etc.) 2.Drama, ballet, and other performing arts Today in Singapore people who go to theatres enjoy traditional ethnic theatre such as Chinese opera and Malay  bangsawan  (which took root in Singapore in the 19th and 20th century respectively), as well as contemporary theatre, which emerged in 1950s and 60s with the establishment of mainly amateur groups. English language theatre gained prominence from the 1980s with a change in educational policy which emphasised English to be the main language of instruction. Today with more than 130 theatre companies and societies in Singapore, practicing a range of contemporary and traditional ethnic theatrical forms Singapore has a vibrant performing arts developed through time..(National Arts Council, 2012) 3. Folklore and relevant symbols Singapore like most Asian countries hos a rich folklore and legends from which symbols are dericed. One such folklore about the symbol of Singapore which is the merlion explains that one day the villager in the southern cost were awakened by howling winds and crashing waves. It was covered with black clouds and was thought the whole island would be engulfed by the sea. The villagers went down on their knees in prayer and suddenly in the sea appeared a gigantic creature half lion and half fish and won the battle against nature and saved the villagers. (10 Legends and Myths of Singapore, 2012) VI. Living conditions Singapore has one of the best living conditions in the world attracting people from all over the world to live, work and study there. A.Diet and nutrition 1.Meat and vegetable consumption rates Singapore has high meat and vegitable consumption rates. With the variety if foods available in singapore the main components in every day meals are Rice, fish, chicken, and vegetables. 2.Typical meals There are 3 main meals breakfast lunch and dinner and Rice, fish, chicken, and vegetables are the staples. The main ingredients are mixed with spices, coconut, lime, chili etc create numerous varieties of dishes. Each ethnic culture has its own special dishes. (everyculture.com, n.d) 3.Malnutrition rates Singapore has a low malnutrition rate with childern below the age of 5 having only 2.2% malnutrition rate.( Health Statistics  > Malnutrition prevalence, height for age > % of children under 5 (most recent) by country, n.d) 4.Foods available Due to the vast culture and ethnicity Singapore has a variety of dishes from Chinese cuisines, Indian cuisines, Malay cuisines and with the influence of western culture have a large variety of wesrten cuisines available. Singapore is the food hub of Asia and because of the availability of such vast cuisines is an attraction to people from all over the world. B.Housing A vast majority of population live in public housing which is publicly developed managed by the Housing and Development Board. About 80% of the population live in public housing which are like small town ship with schools, markets and health centers. The rest of the population live in privately developed houses and appartments which are slightly more expensive than public housing. (Housing in Singapore, n.d) 1.Types of housing available There is public housing which includes three-room, four-room, five-room and executive flats. A three-room flat has two bedrooms , which is about 1,000 sq ft. A four-room flat has three bedrooms which is about 1,200 sq ft of space. A five-room flat is about 1,400 sq ft. An Executive mansionette has three and they are relatively larger than any other public housing units- some even have double storey, with the rooms on the second level. The rest of the population live in private housing which include privately maintained apartments, condominiums and landed properties.(Housing in Singapore, n.d) 2.Do most people own or rent? 80% of the population live in public housing the most part of this own their own houses. 3.Do most people live in one-family dwellings or with other families? Most people do live in one- family dwellings and not with other families as 85% of the population believe in nuclear families. C.Clothing Singapore is the fasion capital of Asia and one of the mian attraction to sinsapore is the variety of clothing availablt there. It has clothing from the best designers from all over the world and orchad street in singapore is a 5 kilimeter streach of shopping on both sides. Singapore without saying goes hand in hand with fasion and shopping. 1.National dress Singapore because of its vast culture and ethnicity does not have a natioal dress but each culture has its own traditional dresses wich are- The Peranakan- who are the mixed race of chinese and malay- The Nyonya Kebaya  is the traditional dress The chinese- Cheongsam is the traditional dress for the women. The Indians- Sari is the traditional dress for women and Dothi Kurtha is the traditional dress for men. The Malay- The Baju Kurungis the traditional dress for women and The Baju Melayu is the traditional dress for men. (Deliatoh, 2011) 2. Types of clothing worn at work The normal clothing worn to work consists of trousers, long-sleeved shirts and ties for men and blouses, skirts or trousers for women. Because of the weather being hot and humid jackets are usually not required. Although Singapore is a liberal country, women should make sure they do not wear clothes that are too revealing. (Communicaid, 2009) D.Recreation, sports, and other leisure activities Recreation and leasiure activities play an important role in the busy lives of Singaporeans. Different groups are interested in different activities such as sports, adventure and water sports as Singapore has beautiful beaches or even shopping, parties and gambling. 1.Types available and in demand There are various ways singaporieans spend their time away from busy sceduels. The most popular are Motor racing, football, swimming, paragliding, scoobadiving, boatimg, gambling, sailing, surfing, camping, trecking, cycling and horse racing. (Adventure and Rcreation in Singapore, n.d) 2.Percentage of income spent on such activities E. Social security In Singapore instead of of a national social security there is Central Provident Fund. The Central provident fund is a compulsory savings scheme that was introduced in 1955 to help cover the cost of living for Singapore residents upon retirement / termination of employment. ( ExpatFocus.com, n.d) Money that is saved in the Ordinary Account of the CPF can be used to help pay for home ownership, education and investment. The Special Account is meant for old age and contingency purposes and to purchase retirement-related financial products. A portion of the CPF known as Medisave can also be used to help pay for hospital treatment and for medical insurance (known as MediShield). ( ExpatFocus.com, n.d) Every Singaporean and Singaporean Permanent resident should contribute to the CPF. Foreigners who are on a Work Pass are not required to contribute to CPF. However, when a foreigner takes up permanent residency in Singapore, the foreigner will be expected to contribute to the CPF scheme. Both the employer and the employee contribute to this fund in varying proportions. ( ExpatFocus.com, n.d) F.Health care The Singapore healthcare system comprises public and private healthcare, complemented by rising standards of living, housing, education, medical services, safe water supply and sanitation, and preventive medicine.Over the years, Ministry Of Health has followed the principle of ensuring that good and affordable basic medical services are available to all Singaporeans. MOH has been continuously fine-tuning the health care system to ensure that Singapore has developed its healthcare system into one that has received praise and recognition both locally and internationally.(Ministry of Health, 2012) VII. Language Singapore with its variety of cultures is a multilingual country. Its national language is Malay. English is the administrative language and the medium of instructions in school and the students choose one of their mother tongues either Malay Tamil or Chinese. (everyculture.com, n.d) A.Official language(s) The official languages of Singapore are Malay, english, Tami and chinese(Manadarin) (everyculture.com, n.d) B.Spoken versus written languages C. Dialects [insert text here] IX. Sources of information -photius.com (1999) Singapore geography, retrieved from http://www.photius.com/wfb1999/singapore/singapore_geography.html -Ministry of education(2012) Singapore: education system. Retrieved from http://www.moe.gov.sg/education/ -everyculture.com(.n.d) Culture of Singapore-Countries and Their Cultures retrieved from http://www.everyculture.com/Sa-Th/Singapore.html#b nationsencyclopedia.com (2007) Singapore overview, retrieved fromhttp://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Asia-and-Oceania/Singapore.html#b Singapore- Country Profine (2012) retrieved from http://www.indexmundi.com/singapore/ www.sg(2011) Who We Are , retrieved from http://app.www.sg/who/18/Government.aspx#ixzz28HNqHH4U National arts council (2012) arts forms, retrieved from http://www.nac.gov.sg/art-forms -10 Legends and Myths of Singapore (2012) retrieved from http://remembersingapore.wordpress.com/2012/06/29/singapore-legends-and-myths/ Health Statistics  > Malnutrition prevalence, height for age > % of children under 5 (most recent) by country (n.d) retrived from http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/hea_mal_pre_hei_for_age_of_chi_und_5-height-age-children-under-5 -Housing in Singapore (n.d) retrieved from http://www.singaporeexpats.com/housing-in-singapore/housing-in-singapore.htm -Deliatoh (2011) The Traditional costumes of Singapore retrieved from http://comesingapore.com/travel-guide/article/546/traditional-costumes-of-singapore -Communicaid (2009) Doing business in Singapore retrieved from http://www.communicaid.com/access/pdf/library/culture/doing-business-in/Doing%20Business%20in%20Singapore.pdf -Asiaroom.com (n.d) Adventure and Recreation in Singapore retrieved from http://www.asiarooms.com/en/travel-guide/singapore/adventure-and-recreation-in-singapore/index.html -ExpatFocus.com(n.d) Singapore-Social Security Retrieved from http://www.expatfocus.com/expatriate-singapore-social-security -Ministry of Health (2012) our health care system retrieved from http://www.moh.gov.sg/content/moh_web/home/our_healthcare_system.html

Article Review of Leaderships Is a Conversation Essay

Boris Groysberg is a Professor of Business Administration in the Organizational Behavior unit at the Harvard Business School. He currently teaches Managing Human Capital course in the second year elective course of the MBA program and in several Executive Education programs. Michael Slind is a writer, editor, and communication consultant of talk, inc: How Trusted Leaders Use Conversation to Power Their Organization (Harvard Business Review Press, 2012). As the phrase â€Å"Leadership is a Conversation† implies, this article focuses on how leaders should communicate with their employees. In the new business world, smart leader engage with employees in a way that is similar to an ordinary person-to-person conversation. These can be easily achievable by using the model of leadership that the authors developed called â€Å"organizational conversation†. There are four essential elements to this model; they are intimacy, interactivity, inclusion and intentionality. SUMMARY The author’s premise in this article is that one-way directive communication is no more effective in today’s business world and that it should be replaced by two – way conversation. They then propose a new model of leadership that they developed which they call â€Å"organizational conversation†. The benefits of using â€Å"organizational conversation† are that it allows leaders to â€Å"retain or recapture some of the qualities – operational Flexibility, high levels of employee engagement, tight strategic alignment – that enable start-ups to out-perform better established rivals. †(pg. 78). The authors then go on to explain the four interrelated elements of â€Å"organizational conversation†. The first element is intimacy. In this element the authors explained that leaders need to gain the trust of their employees. They then continue to say that mental and emotional closeness is all that is needed and one what to achieve it is to â€Å"step down from their corporate perches and then step up to the challenge of communicating personally and transparently with people. †(pg. 78). Then they explain the three ways to manifest intimacy, gain trust, listen well and get personal. The second element is interactivity. The authors begin by defining a conversation and by stating that in order to apply this element, leaders should communicate with employees in a more open and accepting way to promote a more â€Å"open and fluid† dialogue between the two people. They also state that interacting with employees will strengthen the intimacy between employer and employees and one way to do so is by changing the channel of communication within an organization from a one sided channel like a broadcast to a two-way channel like a blog or â€Å"TelePresence†. The third element is inclusion. Here the authors explain that a conversation is an â€Å"equal opportunity endeavor† because it allows employees to share ownership of the substance of the discussion. This gives employees the chance to put their hearts and souls into contributing their own ideas instead of just agreeing with others. They then explain the 3 new roles that committed employees can adopt once the spirit of inclusion is added into the company, which are brand ambassadors, thought leaders and story tellers. The final element is intentionality. While the first three elements concentrates on opening the flow of ideas, intentionality is focused on bringing the discussion to a single vision of what the discussion is for. The authors believe that this will help employees from all levels of the company hierarchy to gain a general understanding on where the company stands in its competitive environment. The authors then conclude the article by stating that the flow of conversation is out of control and that smart leaders learn how to use conversation to their benefit by managing the flow of information in an honest fashion. One-way communication has become an antique but people will listen to conversation that is intimate, interactive, inclusive and intentional. CRITUQUE In the article, Groysberg and Slind give several examples of how business communications are dealt with in our current world. However, some of the points raised are questionable. Such as that of Athenahealth where the company entrusts secret documents to all their workers and hence makes them all â€Å"insiders†. This is worrying, as to deem all employees as responsible is a clear generalisation. They are sure to be several bad apples in any company, waiting to spill their company secrets to a competitor. Athenahealth’s idea requires a high level of trust which is not possibly attainable in a world where white collar crime is rampant. Practices like these might lead to companies losing revenue as ideas are stolen by other companies. Therefore, communications between the top brass and the employees should be amiable and open, but not to the extent where company secrets are divulged easily. In addition to that, the authors also cite examples of ways to broaden communications with employees such as the case of Cisco using its Tele-Presence product which enables people to have video conferences which are close to real conversations. The users are able to see eye to eye and are able to have almost life-like conversations through their computer. Another is the Kingfisher plc. , which held a â€Å"bazaar of ideas† with the idea to link up several previously separate divisions. These ideas may be all well and good for industry giants such as Cisco and Kingfisher. But for smaller companies, which make up most of the bulk of business, these ideas are not feasible as they are too expensive. Cisco’s Tele-Presence for instance, is US$21,600, which is a large amount of money, especially for a head of a small business or a upstart company. Kingfisher’s â€Å"bazaar of ideas† meanwhile, involved them renting a building in Barcelona, and one can only imagine how much that would cost , considering that Kingfisher made it a compulsory event for all their retail managers. Groysberg and Slind give good examples, but unfortunately , they are not suitable for all except those at the very crux of the business world However, the article also gives some positive points. Groysberg and Slind persuade managers to have personal conversations with their employees and not just bark instructions to them. This is a style of communication where managers not only give information to their workers but also they gather new knowledge and the views of their employees. This two-way communication style is a far cry from the older style of business communications where communications were only one-way, from top to bottom. When an employee’s opinion on company policy is sought by their superiors, he is sure to feel wanted by the company. Concurrently, his job enthusiasm will also increase. As the saying goes, a happy employee is a productive employee. Gryosberg and Slind also talk about mental and emotional proximity being of vital importance in business conversation. The point conveyed is that as physical communication is not always feasible, with both employees and managers having too much to do in their hand, mental and emotional proximity, the key to build a bond between the two parties. These two elements are components of conversational intimacy. Conversational intimacy is the building of a relationship through conversation. It requires good body language and listening skills for a manager to achieve an intimate relationship with his underlings. The example in the article of the president and CEO of Duke Energy, James E. Rodgers, is a classic case in point. Rodgers created a grading system for employees to grade him. When he found out that employees commented negatively on his internal communications skills, Rodgers set out doing the exercise more often while improving himself at the same time. The number of those who still thought he did not improve gradually decreased. When employees saw him make an effort, they saw that Rodgers was trying to approach them, and his listening to their comments showed them that their opinion mattered. This created an intimate bond between them. Hence, other employers can use this method to help foster good relations between themselves and their employees CONCLUSION Generally, this article gives a good insight towards the how modern business communications should be conducted.

Optimizing Pilot Planning and Training for Continental Airlines

Optimizing Pilot Planning and Training for Continental Airlines Summary Continental Airlines is the fifth largest airline based on passenger volume in United States. It provides over 1,100 daily flight services to five continents. Effective manpower planning is a key component for the success of Continental Airlines. It is essential for Airline Company to adjust its need for pilots constantly in different position in response to new market opportunities, changing passenger demand, acquisition and retirement of aircraft and training resources and evolving economic conditions.Therefore, the company collected information from several separate database systems and built the training plans by using spreadsheet. However, this development method was time consuming and complicated and the database used was not capable for training plan as it was used for more 10 years. In order for solving the complicated, large-scale pilot planning and training program and increasing the competitive advanta ge in air transportation market, Continental Airlines replaced the old database system and spreadsheets by the Crew Resource-Solver integrated decision-support system.It includes four main modules to handle staffing, vacation, planning and training. The staff-administration module and vacation-administration module maintain crew records including all current and past assignments, absences and training while the planning-optimization module and training optimization module provides information of pilot-planning and training functions (Yu, Pachon, Thengvall, Chandler and Wilson 2004). Generally, Continental Airlines uses system bid award to determine the needs of staff changing to different positions and handle the pilots’ requests to change positions.It mainly uses seniority-based rules for decision making. In an average system bid award, 15 to 20 percent of the airline’s pilots receive new positions. As long with system bid award, the Crew Resource-Solver system can bu ild the training program that establishes the timing of training, advancements, releases, and new pilot hires. The Crew Resource-Solver system includes two phase to solve the pilot training problem. The pilot-transitioning phase determines the timing of pilot transitions by using limited information about training capacities to restrict the number of pilots assigned to training.The training-class-scheduling phase produces the detailed training schedule taking as input the solution from the pilot transitioning phase. As a result, the training program contains a set of detailed training schedules including all training events for each student and each training resource. The training program must satisfy all the constraints set by Continental Airlines such as pilots training will not be assigned during their vacations and other scheduled absences. Planners are able to use system to customize the training plans by changing the objectives and options (Verbeek 1991).Analysis The main obje ctives of the Crew Resource-Solver system are: 1. The improvement of the efficiency of the training programs 2. The forecast of future airline pilots’ needs 3. The maximization of the cost savings There are a number of advantages in using the Crew-Resource Solver system. First, the system improves the airline’s processes by enhancing information sharing within the organization and by simplifying system maintenance. Second, the system enhances data integrity by eliminating duplicate data storage and automating processes.Third, the system saves time compared to the old manual approach as it can produce a complete, optimized training plan that includes both the pilot transitions and the training class schedules within an hour (Yu et al 2004). Moreover, the system increases the flexibility of the training program as it is able to customize by adjusting objectives and setting options. The Crew-Resource Solver system provides an optimal set of components that can satisfy all training program requirements. However, there are several limitations to the Crew-Resource Solver system.First, the training program constraint is based on the traditional training plan which highlights the inherent weakness of any optimization model as it relies upon sound data for accurate outputs (Sarker 2008, p. 5). Second, the potential sources of savings vary depending on different system bids. It is the fact that a bid will have no cost components associated with those activities when it is no required on new hires and pilot releases. Third, even using the system, there is a trade-off between block-hour shortages and other costs on the training plans.Therefore, when block-hour shortages cost increases, the training cost will decrease, vice versa. It is unable to decrease both block-hour shortages cost and training costs together. Finally, the final decision of the training program is not automated and requires management to select the best option for each training program. R esult The Crew Resource-Solver system is an important investment of Continental Airlines to upgrade the management of manpower-planning needs by resource optimization and operation and financial performance improvement.Based on the evidence given in the article, the Crew-Resource Solver integrated decision-support system is a successful program for Continental Airlines to achieve its above objectives. First, there are three ways for the cost savings. Training classes’ schedules become more efficiently and the number of pilots sending to training decrease. Second, there is reduction in pay-protection costs as promoting pilots in new positions in seniority order.Third, it reduces payroll costs because the system can provide the optimized training plans which can use exiting pilots more efficiently and reduce the chances to hire new pilots. In fact, many recommendations derived from the Crew Resource-Solver integrated decision-support system have already been applied and have he lped Continental Airlines to save approximately $10 million each year. Second, the integrated system have focused process improvement and improved data integrity, and it is easier to maintain than the numerous legacy systems and spreadsheet application it replaced (Yu et al 2004).References Sarker, R & Newton, C 2008, Optimization Modelling: A Practical Approach, CRC Press, Florida. Verbeek, P. (1991) Decision support systems – An Application in strategic manpower planning of airline pilots. Eur. J. Oper. Res. (55)3, 368-381 Yu, G. , Pachon, J. , Thengvall, B. , Chandler, D. & Wilson, A. (2004) Optimizing Pilot Planning and Training for Continental Airlines. Interfaces, Vol. 34, No. 4, July-August, p. 253-264

Perspectives on Assessment of Pedagogical Practices Free Essay Example, 3750 words

Keeping swiftness with the progress of the age, computers and additional tools of communication have progressively established their place within the walls of enlightening institutions. The manifestation of technological speculates and their exercise in the field of education, though, can not mechanically be looked upon as pedagogical innovation. Is it at all probable to describe the expression, and if so, how? Education researchers are inquisitive about the response to this question when they evaluated the function of Information Technology in the ground-breaking pedagogical practice of different countries. Previous to assessing knowledge and opinions in association with ground-breaking pedagogical practice, it is worth investigative how the educational system of the culture is making the changeover to single based information. The altering roles of schools, students and parents in the course of education are vibrantly demonstrated by researchers in the following chart. One of the main outstanding alterations in the life of schools is the break to unreservedly contact information. The first-class paradigm of such proposal taking place is the occurrence of incessantly modernized homepages in schools that have internet connections. We will write a custom essay sample on Perspectives on Assessment of Pedagogical Practices or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page Making contact with between parents and public education has to undergo a noteworthy revolution.